test

Question 1

% Atom Economy

Answer 1

(Mr of desired product/Mr of all products) x 100

Question 2

% Yield

Answer 2

(Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield) x 100

Question 3

% Yield Steps

Answer 3

Moles of the the reactant
Molar Ratio
Theoretical mass
: t.m = moles x Mr
% yield - (A.Y/T.Y) x 100

Question 4

% Purity

Answer 4

% purity: (actual mass/impure mass) x 100

Question 5

Working out % purity

Answer 5

1) moles of the pure substance
2) molar ratio for pure : impure
3) actual mass : moles x Mr
4) %purity : (actual mass/impure mass) x 100

Question 6

Anhydrous

Answer 6

Contains no molecules of water of crystallisation

Question 7

Hydrated

Answer 7

Contains molecules of water of crystallisation

Question 8

Acid Definition

Answer 8

Released H+ ions in an aqueous solution

Question 9

Strong Acid definition

Answer 9

Acids that completely disassociate (break into ions) when dissolved in water

Question 10

Weak Acid Definition

Answer 10

Only slight disassociates when dissolved in water, giving an equilibrium mixture

Question 11

Base Definition

Answer 11

A substance which neutralises acids
Proton ( H+) doner

Question 12

Alkali Definition

Answer 12

A soluble base that releases OH- ions in aqueous solutions

Question 13

Salt definition

Answer 13

The hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a metal or other cation
Acid + Base —> Salt

Question 14

Salt full definition

Answer 14

A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base where all or part of the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a metal or other cation

Question 15

Neutralisation 1

Answer 15

Acid + Base —> Salt + Water

Question 16

Neutralisation 2

Answer 16

Acid + Alkali —> Salt + Water

Question 17

Neutralisation 3

Answer 17

Acid + Carbonate —> Salt + CO2 + H2O

Question 18

Neutralisation 4

Answer 18

Acid + Ammonia —> Ammonium Salt

Question 19

Observations

Answer 19

MgO —> Always a white solid
(g) —> Effervescence/ Fizzing
nothing —> solid

Question 20

Ionic Equations Rules

Answer 20

1) Metals are solid (s)
2) Salts in solution are aqueous (aq)
3) Ions are aqueous (aq)
4) Acids/Alkalis are aqueous (aq)
5) H2O is a liquid (l)

Question 21

Ionic Equation steps

Answer 21

Put the state symbols e.g (aq)
Separate the aqueous substances into ions
Cancel the ions that appear on both sides
Write the ionic equation

Question 22

Ionic Bond Definition

Answer 22

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 23

Electrical Conductivity of Ionic compounds

Answer 23

Solid state —> Will NOT conduct electricity as ions are in a. fixed lattice position
Molten/Aqueous —> Will conduct electricity because they have mobile charged carriers

Question 24

Covalent bond Definition

Answer 24

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between atoms

Question 25

Co-ordinate bonding/Dative Covalent Bonding

Answer 25

When one atom provides both the electrons needed to form a covalent bond

Question 26

Polyatomic ions

Answer 26

Ammonium- NH4(+)
Hydroxide- OH(-)
Nitrate (v) NO3(-)
Carbonate - CO3(2-)
Sulfate (VI) - SO4(2-)
Phosphate - PO4(3-)

Question 27

Uncertainties

Answer 27

% error = margin of error
——————— X 100
quantity measure