test Flashcards
can be described as the sudden
intense shaking of the ground that often occurs in
geological faults.
An earthquake
The shaking results from a sudden release of energy
to Earth’s Lithosphere.
a fracture in rocks that make the earths crust
fault
a point at the center of the earth’s surface above the focus
epicenter
rocks that make up the outer layer of the earths surface and whose movements along faults trigger earthquakes
plates
point where the earthquake starts
focus
waves that transmit energy from earthquakes
seismic waves
what cause an earthquake
tecttonic plates constantly moving
movement causes stress
stress builds up til the plates get stuck
cracks form known as faults
pressure is released causing shaking
is the point on the surface
directly above the focus and the energy is the
most powerful here.
The epicentre
occurs when Earth’s crust breaks or moves
down due to geological fores.
caused by the movement of tectonic
plates, which are the slabs that make up
the Earth’s outermost layer
Tectonic
EArthquake
results from tectonic fores related to
volcanic activities.
occurs when magma moves beneath the
Earth’s surface, causing pressure changes
that cause the surrounding rock to break
VOLCANIC
EArthquake
Usually occurs in underground mines that are
usually caused by seismic waves from rock
explosions on Earth’s surface.
These earthquakes are typically very small
but can be deadly if they occur in a populated
area. Causes: Collapse earthquakes occur
when buildings or other structures collapse
COLLAPSE
EArthquake
occurs from the denotation of any nuclear or
chemical device.
also Volcanic explosions can cause Explosion
earthquakes such as Strombolian and
Vesuvian. Each explosion produces an
earthquake, and the seismic record is often
accompanied by an acoustic signal.
EXPLOSION
EArthquake
EXPLOSION
EArthquake
Geosphere refers to the solid part of the Earth,
including the rocks, minerals, landforms, and the
processes that shape them. In this lesson, we will
explore the earth’s layers and how the plates of the
earth move.
is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the thinnest layer,
ranging from about 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness.
The crust
is the
thicker layer of the Earth’s
crust that is found under the
continents. It is about 35 - 45
kilometers thick on average.
Graphite or andesite and
Basalt.
The continental crust
is the
thinner layer of the Earth’s
crust that is found under the
ocean basins. It is about 6
kilometers thick on average.
The oceanic crust
is a process that involves the
breaking down of rocks and minerals
found on the surface of Earth.
Agents of __________ are: water, ice,
plants, animals, and changes in
temperature.
WEATHERING
is a process in which soil, rock, and
other surface materials are worn
away and transported by natural
forces such as wind and water.
EROSION
is a scientific theory that tells that
Earth’s crust is divided into several
plates that moves or slide over the
mantle.
the movement of these tectonic
plates affects the seismic activities
at different plate boundaries.
PLATE TECTONICS
is the layer beneath the Earth’s crust. It is the thickest layer, extending
from the base of the crust to a depth of approximately 2,900 kilometers. It takes
84% of Earth’s volume. The
The mantle
is relatively
rigid and contains the
asthenosphere, a semi-fluid
layer that allows the
movement of tectonic plates.
The upper mantle
contributes to the overall
convection and heat
transfer within the Earth’s
interior.
The solid lower mantle
is the innermost layer of the Earth, situated beneath the mantle.
The core
The outer core is a liquid layer
composed mainly of molten iron
and nickel.
It is responsible for Earth’s
Magnetic Field.
Can be found approximately
2,550 km from the earth’s surface.
Temperature ranges from 4,500 C
to 5,500 C.
The outer core
is the solid,
central part of the earth. It has a
radius of about 1,220 kilometers
and is composed of solid iron
and nickel.
The inner core
the boundary between the CRUST and MANTLE.
simply known as MOHO
named after Andrija ________ who discovered the
existence in 1909.
average depth of around 8 km under the ocean basin
and around 32 km under the continental crust.
Approximately 700 km thick.
THE MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY
is a quick change in seismic velocities
in a boundary.
Seismic Discontinuity
separates the Earth’s MANTLE from the OUTER CORE.
named after German-born American seismologist Beno
___________________
THE GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY
the boundary between the inner core and outer core.
named after a Danish seismologist and geophysicist Inge
_______________________
THE LEHMANN DISCONTINUITY
plates move
away from each other. This
movement results in the creation of
new crust as magma rises from the
mantle, solidifies, and forms new
oceanic crust.
At divergent boundaries,
are places
where tectonic plates collide or come
together. When two plates meet,
their interactions can result in
various geological phenomena.
Convergent boundaries
occur when
two plates slide past each other
horizontally. The movement along
these boundaries can cause
earthquakes, as the plates grind
against each other.
Transform boundaries
composed of crust and the upper mantle.
solid, rigid, and brittle.
has tendency to break under pressure and mechanical
interaction, which is responsible for earthquakes.
LITHOSPHERE
region of partially molten mantle materials
that can flow.
responsible for the motion of Tectonic Plates.
approximately 100-700 km in depth from
the crust.
ASTHENOSPHERE
a region of increased pressure where the flow
ceases.
lowest part of the mantle or also known as
Lower Mantle.
MESOSPHERE
