3rd Qtr EXAM Flashcards
speed, velocity, and acceleration are
descriptors
of motion
are anything that
can be measured.
Physical quantities
Quantity described using the
magnitude (number) and unit.
Ex: 100 m
Scalar quantities
Quantity described using the
magnitude, unit, and direction.
Vector quantities
What quantities are Displacement Velocity Acceleration
Vector
is a graphical illustration
that clearly represents the position of
moving objects at equal time intervals.
Motion Diagram
The distances of the motion do not need to
be exact, but they must clearly show if the
object is moving
Positively or Negativly
use of a single point to represent the
motion of an object
Particle model
the total path length taken by an object
from one point to another
Distance
Distance scalar or vector?
Scalar
-shortest length between two points
- a vector quantity, fully described using
magnitude and direction
Displacement
- the first to use the
quantities distance and
time to describe precisely
how fast or how slow a
moving object is
Galileo Galilei
Distance speed time formula
speed x Time
m/s
Meters per second
km/h or kmph
Kilometers per hour
mph
Miles per hour
cm/s
centimetres per second
- How fast you are traveling at a given instant in time
Instantaneous speed:
- indicates the instantaneous speed of a vehicle
Speedometer:
Average speed Formula
Total Time
The speed of an object throughout its travel
Average Speed
Scalar quantity that
tells only the
magnitude (number) or
speed that the car is
moving
Speed
- Vector quantity that
tells the magnitude
(number) or speed of
the car and the direction
it is moving to
Velocity
Displacement velocity time formula
Velocity x Time
- Velocity at a specific
moment
Instantaneous Velocity
- Overall velocity over
time
Average Velocity
is a disturbance that travels
from the source to another place
through a medium.
A wave
the object or
substance through
which the wave
travels.
Medium
Sources of waves are
vibrating objects
- Require a medium through which to travel
- It can be solids, liquids, and gas.
- Energy is transferred through vibration of
particles of the medium.
Mechanical Waves
Do not need a medium to travel
- Can travel through a vacuum (empty space)
Electromagnetic Waves
The particles of the medium move up
and down PERPENDICULAR to the
direction of motion of the wave.
Transverse
The particles of the medium move in a
direction back and forth PARALLEL to the
direction of motion of the wave.
Longitudinal
the highest point of the wave
Crest
the lowest point of the wave
Trough
- the midpoint of a wave
Equilibrium Position
- the height of the wave, measured from midpoint to
either crest or trough; describes the amount of energy
the wave carries
Amplitude
distance between succeeding identical parts (one crest
to the next crest or from one trough to the next trough)
Wavelength
the number of waves that pass in one second
Frequency
- the time it takes
to complete one
wave
Period
- speed of the wave as it travels
Wavelength
HOW HUMANS PRODUCE SOUND
1.Airflow
2. Vocal Chord Vibration
3. Sound Wave Generation
4. Articulation and Reasonance
Audible Sound:
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
- below 20 Hz
- how elephants and
whales communicate with
each other for protection,
attracting mates, and
finding food
Infrasonic sound
above 20,000 Hz
- dolphins and bats send
ultrasonic waves and they can
detect if there are any obstacles
based on the time it takes for the
wave to come back
(echolocation)
Ultrasonic sound
Highness of Lowness of a sound
Pitch
Pitch is dictated by
Frequency
Intensity
Loudness
The loudness of a sound is dictated by it’s
Amplitude
unit of intensity for sound
Decibel
Tone quality
Timbre
In the 1600s, light is believed to have a stream
of particles called
Corpuscles
Newton believed that light behaves like a
Particle
Christian
Huygens proposed that
light behaves like a
Wave
proves that light is a wave
Diffraction
came up with a theory
known as the dual nature of light.
Max Planck
Light is what kind of wave?
Electromagnetic
produce their own light
Luminous Objects
allow light to pass through
transparent
Only allows some light to pass through
Translucent
Does not allow light pass through
Opaqe
Speed of light
= 300,000 km/s
Light travels fastest in
Gas
Sound travels fastest
Solid
Intensity (brightness) =
Amplitude
The brighter the light,
the ___________it
has with darkness.
more contras
- varies as light
carries different
amounts of energy - gives light its
different colors
Wavelength
Inversely
proportional to
wavelength
Frequency
Fast movement of atoms & molecules
Higher kinetic energy
refers to the sum of the kinetic energies of all the particles
Thermal Energy
refers to the average kinetic energy of all the particles
Temperature
0: water freezes
100: water boils
Anders Celsius
32: water freezes
212: water boils
Daniel Fahrenheit
Absolute zero:
Lowest possible temperature
Lord Kelvin
Heatflow
Hot to cold
When two objects
are already at the
same temperature
and no heat transfer
occurs between
them
Thermal Equilibrium
unusual hot weather condition wherein the
temperature is unusually high that it goes
beyond what is normally recorded
Heat Waves:
- occurs when objects are in direct contact
with each other
Conduction
- Heat is transferred through the
movement of liquids or gases
Convection
- Does not rely on any contact
between the source of heat and the
object being heated
Radiation
