test 11/2/15

Question 1

who was Robert Hooke and how did he discover cells

Answer 1

he was the first person to use a light microscope in 1665 and he discovered cells by looking at a piece of cork under a LM and it made him think of tiny cell chambers like the cell

Question 2

cell theory- 3 different facts-

Answer 2

1. all living things are made up of cells
2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
3. new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 3

tell the difference between eukaryotes and prokarotes

Answer 3

-eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes don’t

Question 4

what is the cell membrane

Answer 4

it regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides support and protection

Question 5

what is the lipid bilayer

Answer 5

it is a double layered sheet around the cell membrane. it gives all the cell membranes a strong, flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings

Question 6

what is the main function of the cell wall

Answer 6

it is to provide support and protection for the cell

Question 7

what is concentration of a solution

Answer 7

it is the mass of solute in a given volume of a solution or mass/volume.
ex. 3g per liter

Question 8

what is diffusion

Answer 8

when particles move to an area where they are less concentrated from a more concentrated area

Question 9

what is equilibrium

Answer 9

when the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system

Question 10

why don’t substances require the cell to use energy when they diffuse across membranes

Answer 10

bc diffusion depends upon random particle movements

Question 11

what is osmosis

Answer 11

its the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

what does permeable mean

Answer 12

means water is allowed to pass through it

Question 13

what does impermeable mean

Answer 13

means water is not allowed to pass through it

Question 14

what does isotonic mean

Answer 14

same strength

Question 15

what does hypertonic mean

Answer 15

above strength

Question 16

what does hypotonic mean

Answer 16

below strength

Question 17

what is osmotic pressure

Answer 17

osmosis pressure exerts a pressure known as osmotic pressure on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane

Question 18

what happens during facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

molecules such as glucose can not be diffused across the cell membrane on its on so it has to move through protein channels instead

Question 19

what is active transport

Answer 19

it requires energy

the cell must sometimes move materials in the opposite direction against concentration

Question 20

what is endocytosis

Answer 20

the process of taking materials into the cell by means of pockets

Question 21

what is phagocytosis

Answer 21

cell eating

Question 22

what is pinocytosis

Answer 22

pockets that form along a cell membrane that fill with liquid and pinch off to form vacuoles along the cells

Question 23

what is exocytosis

Answer 23

fuses with the cell membrane and forces all the contents out of the cell

Question 24

what are unicellular organisms

Answer 24

single celled organisms

include both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 25

what are multicellular organisms

Answer 25

made up of many cells that work together

Question 26

what are the levels of organization in an multicellular organism

Answer 26

cells, tissues, organs, organ system

Question 27

what are organs

Answer 27

many groups of tissues that work together

Question 28

what are organ systems

Answer 28

a group of organs that work together

Question 29

what are cels in multicellular organisms specialized to do

Answer 29

to perform particular functions within the organism

Question 30

what do multicellular organisms have

Answer 30

have cell specialization and play different rolls for each type of cell

Question 31

who was anton van leewenhoek

Answer 31

he was the first person to ever use a microscope in the 1600 to study nature