13.1-4 test

Question 1

organisms that have been produced my selective breeding

Answer 1

horses, dogs, cats, and potatoes

Question 2

who was luther burbank

Answer 2

american botanist that developed the disease resistant burbank potato

Question 3

crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

Answer 3

hybridization

Question 4

the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics

Answer 4

inbreeding

Question 5

what are some risks of inbreeding?

Answer 5

2 recessive alleles for a genetic affect

Question 6

why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the wild?

Answer 6

selective breeding would be nearly impossible without the wide variation that is found in natural populations

Question 7

breeders can increase the genetic variation by inducing _________, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability.

Answer 7

mutations

Question 8

what are 2 methods used by breeders to increase the rate of mutation

Answer 8

radiation and chemicals

Question 9

why are radiation and chemicals useful techniques for producing mutant bacteria

Answer 9

the small size of bacteria enable millions of organisms to be treated at the same time, so this increases the chances of producing a useful mutant.

Question 10

what is true about polyploidy

Answer 10

+many sets of chromosomes
+ usually fatal in animals
+ bananas and some citrus fruits are polyploidy

Question 11

what is genetic engineering

Answer 11

making changes in the dna code of a living organism

Question 12

true or false: making changes to the dna code is similar to changing the code of a computer program

Answer 12

true

Question 13

scientists use their knowledge of the ________ of dna and its _______ properties to study and change their dna molecules.

Answer 13

structure

chemical

Question 14

list 4 different techniques that molecular biologists use to study and change dna molecules

Answer 14

• extract dna
• cut dna
• identify the sequence
• make copies of dna

Question 15

explain how biologists get dna out of a cell

Answer 15

the cell is opened and the dna is separated from other cell parts

Question 16

biologists use __________ _________ to cut dna molecules at a specific sequence of nucleotides to make smaller fragments

Answer 16

restriction enzymes

Question 17

identifying dna sequence enables researchers to: study specific genes, ___________, and ______________.

Answer 17

compare the w genes of other organisms

discover the functions of diff genes

Question 18

what occurs during transformation

Answer 18

a cell takes in dna from outside the cell. this external dna becomes apart of the cells dna

Question 19

give 2 reasons why a plasmid is useful for dna transfer

Answer 19

• helps promote plasmid replication

* genetic maker

Question 20

describe what occurs in a successful transformation of cells

Answer 20

the recombinant dna is integrated into one of the chromosomes of the cell

Question 21

how do scientists know that plants and animals share the same basic mechanics of gene expression

Answer 21

a gene for luciferase, an animal enzyme, works perfectly in a plant

Question 22

what is a transgenic organism

Answer 22

an organism that contains genes from other organisms

Question 23

describe how to make a transgenic organism

Answer 23

using basic techniques of genetic engineering, a gene from 1 organism can be inserted into cells from another organism

Question 24

genetic engineering has spurred the growth of ____________, a new industry that is changing the way we interact with the living organism

Answer 24

biotechnology

Question 25

what is true about transgenic microorganisms

Answer 25

produce human proteins cheaply and in great abundance. people w insulin- dependent diabetes are now treated w pure human insulin. transgenic organisms may produce the raw materials for plastics

Question 26

list 4 ways in which transgenic animals have been used

Answer 26

*study genes *improve food supply *study the effects of diseases on the human immune system *to produce human proteins

Question 27

items that might be produced by transgenic plants

Answer 27

human antibiotics, plastics, rot-resistant, vitamin A enriched rice

Question 28

true or false: for years, many scientists thought that it was impossible to clone bacteria

Answer 28

false

Question 29

true or false: all cloned animals are also transgenic

Answer 29

false

Question 30

what kinds of mammals have been cloned in recent years

Answer 30

sheep, cows, pig, mice, and other mammals

Question 31

what is meant by selective breeding

Answer 31

allowing only those animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation