chp 15 test

Question 1

a well supported explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world is a

Answer 1

scientific theory

Question 2

Charles Darwin contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. true or false

Answer 2

true

Question 3

true or false. Darwin was looking for a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on earth

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what are some observations that Darwin made

Answer 4

an enormous number of species inhabit earth.

some species that lived in the past no longer live on earth

Question 5

the preserved remains of ancient organisms are called what

Answer 5

fossils

Question 6

as Darwin studied fossils, what new questions arose

Answer 6

why had so many of these species disappeared? how were they related to living species?

Question 7

how did Darwin explain the differences in shell shape of tortoises from hood island and Isabella island

Answer 7

hood island- curved shaped shells

Isabella island- dome shaped shells

Question 8

Darwin observed that small brown birds on the Galápagos Islands differed in the shapes of their …

Answer 8

beaks

Question 9

what did Darwin think about on his journey home to England

Answer 9

he thought about how the characteristics of plants and animals varied among the diff islands

Question 10

2 scientists who helped Darwin and others recognize how old earth is were

Answer 10

Hutton and Lyell

Question 11

what is true about Lyells work

Answer 11

his work explained how awesome geological features could be built up or torn down over long periods of time. his publications helped Darwin appreciate the significance of the geological phenomena that he had observed. he stressed that scientists must explain past events in terms of processes that they can actually observe

Question 12

in what 2 ways did an understanding of geology influence Darwin

Answer 12

if earth could change over time, might life change as well? he realized that it wild have taken many many years for life to change in the way he suggested

Question 13

true or false Lamarck proposed that all organisms have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Lamarck was among the first scientists to recognize that living things have changed over time. true or false

Answer 14

true

Question 15

how did Lamarck pave the way for the work of later biologists

Answer 15

to develop a scientific hypothesis of evolution and realize that organisms are adapted to their environments

Question 16

what is true about Thomas Malthus

Answer 16

he was an important influence on Darwin. he believed that war, famine, and disease limit the growth of populations

Question 17

true or false. when Darwin returned to England, he rushed to publish his thoughts about evolution

Answer 17

false

Question 18

the naturalists whose essay gave Darwin an incentive to publish his own work was

Answer 18

Alfred Russell Wallace

Question 19

differences among individuals of a species are referred to as

Answer 19

natural selection or natural selection

Question 20

true or false. genetic variation is found only in Wild organisms in nature.

Answer 20

false

Question 21

what was darwins greatest contribution

Answer 21

he developed a scientific hypothesis to explain his evolution occurs

Question 22

what does the phrase struggle for existence mean

Answer 22

members of each species compete regularly to obtain food

Question 23

the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms is

Answer 23

evolution

Question 24

explain what darwin meant by the phrase survival of the fittest

Answer 24

individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully

Question 25

the principle that living species descend, with changes, from other species over time is known as

Answer 25

descent w modification

Question 26

the principle that all species were derived from common ancestors is known as

Answer 26

common descent

Question 27

evidence for evolution can be found in: the fossil record, _____,______, and _______.

Answer 27

the geographical distribution of living species, homologous structures of living organisms, and similarities in early development.

Question 28

what is the status of darwins hypothesis today

Answer 28

it continues to be up held by research in all areas of biology

Question 29

what is true about darwins book, On the Origin of Species

Answer 29

it contained evidence for evolution.

it described natural selection

Question 30

what is true about artificial selection

Answer 30

it is also called selective breeding.

it occurs when humans select natural variations they find useful.

it produces organisms that look very diff from their ancestors.

Question 31

structures that have diff mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues are called

Answer 31

homologous structures

Question 32

organs that are so reduced in size that they are just vestiges, or traces, of homologous organs in other species are called

Answer 32

vestigial organs

Question 33

the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is what

Answer 33

fitness

Question 34

any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival is

Answer 34

adaptation

Question 35

survival of the fittest is

Answer 35

natural selection