Test 1- Wk 3

Question 1

What do we know about hydration?

Answer 1

Water won’t clean or lubricate, thins and moves mucus, diuretics increase effort

Question 2

Superficial v systemic hydration?

Answer 2

Superficial is epithelial, systemic is whole body

Question 3

What is phonation threshold pressure?

Answer 3

Amount of subglottal pressure required to set the vocal folds in motion (swing pic)

Question 4

How do we improve hydration?

Answer 4

Water, food with high water content, humidifier, saliva production with hard candy

Question 5

What don’t we know about hydration?

Answer 5

How much…

Question 6

Does caffeine have a negative effect on voice?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

GERD v LPR

Answer 7

Persistent heartburn, hoarse in morning, acid regurgitation, bad breath…

Burn in back of throat, hoarseness, throat clearing… (no heartburn)

Question 8

How to we manage LPR?

Answer 8

Reflux sensitivity scale, educate on effects on voice, bxal management

Question 9

How is alcohol bad for voice?

Answer 9

Dehydrating, irritating, reduce pain and discomfort, reduce inhibitions

Question 10

What is main danger of inhaled irritants?

Answer 10

Heat

Question 11

How can we reduce gunk in the throat?

Answer 11

Whisper “ha” or hard swallow, sip of water

Question 12

What can vocal overuse lead to?

Answer 12

Collision force and subglottic pressure can cause edema, erythema, hemmorhage… could lead to nodules…

Question 13

What is Reinke’s edema?

Answer 13

Fluid buildup in superficial lamina propria due to irritation- usually in smokers. Low pitch, rough gravelly, male sound

Question 14

What is the space between the true and false vocal folds?

Answer 14

Ventricular space

Question 15

What are the false vocal folds?

Answer 15

Muscle without discrete movement, located superior and lateral to true vocal folds. Play a role in creaky quality voice- but do not have a wavelike motion, they are stiff muscles.

Question 16

What is required for phonation?

Answer 16

airflow, vocal fold approximation, tension and length

Question 17

What are the aerodynamic components of speech?

Answer 17

Air flow/buiolding subglottic pressure that blows folds apart and negative pressure fulls back together

Question 18

What are the neuromuscular components of speech?

Answer 18

Vagus nerve activates intrinsic muscles, muscles shape and position VF colse to one another to initiate voicing, muscles help control VF adduction

Question 19

What are the elastic components of speech?

Answer 19

VFs open from bottom up, elasticity, intertia and bernoulli effect pull VF back together and keep them vibrating

Question 20

How do the vocal folds move in a wave like motion?

Answer 20

Lower border separates first, not upper- 200x/s for pitch!

Question 21

What is 3 mass model?

Answer 21

Bottom of vocal folds re farther apart than upper (convergent) then diverges when lower part of vf are closer. Air pressure larger in convergent shape, which results in asymmetry of air pressures. Makes vf self oscillating!

Question 22

How many registers are there?

Answer 22

3- pulse, modal, falsetto

Question 23

How do we increase pitch?

Answer 23

Lengthen vocal folds by cricothyroid muscle, which thins and decreases mass, creates faster vibration.
Contract thyroarytenoid to make rigid.
Increase sg pressure to increase amplitude of movement.

Question 24

How do we increase loudness?

Answer 24

Increase sg pressure
Increase mouth opening
Increase fundamental f
Epilaryngeal narrowing

Question 25

How is the larynx different in an infant?

Answer 25

Higher in infant to protect for swallowing, one lahyer lamina propria, small lungs

Question 26

Why do we sound different from when we were children?

Answer 26

Increased respiratory capacity, increased vocal fold mass, enlargement of resonating cavities.