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Voice Disorders > Test 1- Wk 2 > Flashcards

Test 1- Wk 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the vocal folds?

A

Cover layer- epithelium & superficial lamina propria (vibration)
Transitional layer- intermediate & deep lamina propria (vocal ligament)
Body layer- more rigid than cover layer (vocalis muscle- medial thyrovocalis and lateral thyromuscularis)

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2
Q

What are the vocal folds made up of?

A

Extra cellular matrix composed of-
hyaluronic acid fills space in lamina propria for shock absorption
collagen for tissue strength and flexibility
fibronectin for further activation to regenerate tissue after injury

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3
Q

How can pathologies affect layers differently?

A

Cysts/nodules affect cover layer, cancer affect deep layer

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4
Q

What is the function/innervation of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Pars oblique and pars recta Increase length, increase tension- SLN

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5
Q

What is the function/innervation of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Adduction, decrease length- RLN

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6
Q

What is the function/innervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

ABduction (only one)- RLN

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7
Q

What is the function/innervation of the thyroarytenoid?

A

Thyromuscularis L- decreases length, relaxation
Thyrovocalis M- aducation, decrease length, increase tension with cricothyroid
-RLN

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8
Q

What is the function/innervation of the interarytenoids (two sets of fibers)?

A

Transverse arytenoid fibers and oblique arytenoid fibers both adduction- RLN

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9
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles?

A

cricothyroid, lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid, interarytenoids

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10
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

4 suprahyoids/elevators- digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
4 infrahyoids/depressors- thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid

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11
Q

What are the three branches of the vagus nerve?

A

pharyngeal- highest up, motor innervation to soft palate and pharynx
superior laryngeal nerve- internal branch sensory to mid larynx superior vocal folds, external branch motor for CT
recurrent laryngeal nerve- anterior branch motor for all intrinsics but ct and pca, posterior branch motor for posterior cricoarytenoid

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12
Q

Which RLN is more prone to injury?

A

left RLN because it wanders more

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13
Q

What supplies sensory below the vocal folds? above?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Internal laryngeal nerve (SLN)

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14
Q

What supplies motor to intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid? Cricothyroid?

A

Anterior does all but PCA< which is done by posterior.

SLN!

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15
Q

What is the power source for phonation?

A

Respiration

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16
Q

What are the muscles of quiet inspiration? Forced inspiration?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, sometimes scalene

17 but includes…sternocleidomastoid, scalene, trapesius

17
Q

What process is inhalation? exhalation? In class you’re using…Talking…

A

Inhalation always active, but an also be forced. Exhalation can be passive or active, but can also be forced.

Active inhalation, passive exhalation

Active inhalation, active exhalation

18
Q

Is there muscle contraction in quiet exhalation? Forced expiration?

A

no- passive relaxation decreases thoracic cavity volume due to elastic recoil of lungs.

further reduces volume by involving intercostals, internal oblique abdominus, external oblique abdominus, and rectus abdominus

19
Q

Where does air pressure change/where is air exchanged?

A

In the alveoli of lung- forms pressure volume relationship. Air moves in as lung expands and pressure decreases, pressures want to equalize and air is sucked in to balance pressure.

20
Q

For the lungs to inflate, pressure must be ___ than atmospheric pressure…

A

LESS

21
Q

What is the major muscle of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm- when it contracts during inspiration it moves downward and flattens, enlarging chest cavity

22
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation- assessed with skinny s

23
Q

What is tidal capacity?

A

Amount inhaled and exhaled in typical cycle

24
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume? Inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Max volume of air that can be expelled beyond a tidal expiration- same but inhaled!

25
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Amount of air that stays in lungs all the time- not breathing in and not breathing out

26
Q

What is resting respiration v speech respiration?

A

Equal in duration v quick inhale and exhale after 15 seconds…

27
Q

Why is pulmonary function testing used?

A

To diagnose the presence and assess airway obstructions, differentiate lower v upper respiratory d/os.

28
Q

What is dyspnea

A

Conscious awareness of heavy breathing, air hunger

29
Q

What is subglottal stenosis?

A

Narrowing/incomplete airway- hoarse or low volume

30
Q

What is muscle tension dysphonia?

A

Clamped down= bxal

31
Q

What is vocal fold paralysis?

A

Can’t get vocal folds apart OR completely together

Voice Disorders (3 decks)

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