Test 1- Wk 2 Flashcards
What are the three layers of the vocal folds?
Cover layer- epithelium & superficial lamina propria (vibration)
Transitional layer- intermediate & deep lamina propria (vocal ligament)
Body layer- more rigid than cover layer (vocalis muscle- medial thyrovocalis and lateral thyromuscularis)
What are the vocal folds made up of?
Extra cellular matrix composed of-
hyaluronic acid fills space in lamina propria for shock absorption
collagen for tissue strength and flexibility
fibronectin for further activation to regenerate tissue after injury
How can pathologies affect layers differently?
Cysts/nodules affect cover layer, cancer affect deep layer
What is the function/innervation of the cricothyroid muscle?
Pars oblique and pars recta Increase length, increase tension- SLN
What is the function/innervation of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?
Adduction, decrease length- RLN
What is the function/innervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid
ABduction (only one)- RLN
What is the function/innervation of the thyroarytenoid?
Thyromuscularis L- decreases length, relaxation
Thyrovocalis M- aducation, decrease length, increase tension with cricothyroid
-RLN
What is the function/innervation of the interarytenoids (two sets of fibers)?
Transverse arytenoid fibers and oblique arytenoid fibers both adduction- RLN
What are the intrinsic muscles?
cricothyroid, lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid, interarytenoids
What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?
4 suprahyoids/elevators- digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
4 infrahyoids/depressors- thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid
What are the three branches of the vagus nerve?
pharyngeal- highest up, motor innervation to soft palate and pharynx
superior laryngeal nerve- internal branch sensory to mid larynx superior vocal folds, external branch motor for CT
recurrent laryngeal nerve- anterior branch motor for all intrinsics but ct and pca, posterior branch motor for posterior cricoarytenoid
Which RLN is more prone to injury?
left RLN because it wanders more
What supplies sensory below the vocal folds? above?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Internal laryngeal nerve (SLN)
What supplies motor to intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid? Cricothyroid?
Anterior does all but PCA< which is done by posterior.
SLN!
What is the power source for phonation?
Respiration
What are the muscles of quiet inspiration? Forced inspiration?
Diaphragm, external intercostals, sometimes scalene
17 but includes…sternocleidomastoid, scalene, trapesius
What process is inhalation? exhalation? In class you’re using…Talking…
Inhalation always active, but an also be forced. Exhalation can be passive or active, but can also be forced.
Active inhalation, passive exhalation
Active inhalation, active exhalation
Is there muscle contraction in quiet exhalation? Forced expiration?
no- passive relaxation decreases thoracic cavity volume due to elastic recoil of lungs.
further reduces volume by involving intercostals, internal oblique abdominus, external oblique abdominus, and rectus abdominus
Where does air pressure change/where is air exchanged?
In the alveoli of lung- forms pressure volume relationship. Air moves in as lung expands and pressure decreases, pressures want to equalize and air is sucked in to balance pressure.
For the lungs to inflate, pressure must be ___ than atmospheric pressure…
LESS
What is the major muscle of inspiration?
Diaphragm- when it contracts during inspiration it moves downward and flattens, enlarging chest cavity
What is vital capacity?
Amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation- assessed with skinny s
What is tidal capacity?
Amount inhaled and exhaled in typical cycle
What is expiratory reserve volume? Inspiratory reserve volume?
Max volume of air that can be expelled beyond a tidal expiration- same but inhaled!
