Test 1- Wk 1

Question 1

What are the three major functions of the larynx?

Answer 1

-control breathing/airflow -airway protection -voice production (arguably least important)

Question 2

What are the three laryngeal elements?

Answer 2

Cartilages, muscles, vocal folds!

Question 3

Where and what is the hyoid bone?

Answer 3

Bone above the larynx, HONORARY larynx member

Question 4

Where and what is the epiglottis?

Answer 4

Involved with swallowing

Question 5

Where and what is the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 5

Framework of larynx that forms thyroid notch (90 degree for men, 120 for women); superior and inferior horns form attachment points to the thyroid for muscles

Question 6

Where and what is the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 6

Signet ring shaped cartilage that is seen better from the back

Question 7

Where and what are the cuneiform cartilages (2)?

Answer 7

Embedded in aryepiglottic folds and part of support not function

Question 8

Where and what are the arytenoid cartilages (2)? What do they serve as attachment points for?

Answer 8

Very important for vocal production and breathing; rotate to abduct and adduct vocal folds. Pyramidal in shape with the apex at the top. Serves as attachment point for posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, interarytenoid muscle, and true vocal fold.

Question 9

Where and what are the corniculate cartilages?

Answer 9

On top of arytenoids and part of support not function

Question 10

What is the cricoarytenoid joint? What is it’s function?

Answer 10

Saddle joint that allows for rocking and gliding action of arytenoids; changes length, mass, and tension of true vocal folds

Question 11

What is the cricothyroid joint? What is it’s function?

Answer 11

Paired joints that allow for gliding action of cartilages to affect pitch

Question 12

What is a voice disorder? Where are they most prevalent?

Answer 12

Characterized by the abnormal production and/or absence of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance or duration, which is inappropriate for an individual’s age and sex- most prevalent in elderly, females, and those working with voice (teaxher, singer, manufacterer)

Question 13

Why do more boys have voice d/o’s in childhood than girls?

Answer 13

Play loudly, with emphasis!

Question 14

What is phonotrauma?

Answer 14

Trauma to larynx caused by vocal usage; someties overuse or misuse

Question 15

What are some examples of unclear/multiple etiologies?

Answer 15

Screaming, sickness, tension, stress, reflux…

Question 16

What are the 5 common etiologies?

Answer 16

Upper repiratory infection

Phonotrauma

Surgical

Illness/disease

Psychological stress

Question 17

What are the categories of voice disorders?

Answer 17

Structural- changes in vocal folds due to injury, trauma

Functional- nothing on vocal folds

Neurological- Nerve impairment

Idiopathic- Unknown

Question 18

Who is on a voice team at a medical center?

Answer 18

Otolaryngologist, SLP, scientist, ENT, larynogologist (oto with a specialized fellowship in d/o of larynx), GI doc, allergist, pulmonologist…

Question 19

Define symptom, sign, etiology

Answer 19

Symptom- complaint; patient’s description of a problem

Sign- characteristics that can be observed or tested and are more objective

Etiology- Science or doctrine of causation or the demonstration of causes

Question 20

What are some major symptoms of voice problems?

Answer 20

Rough, raspy, breathy, reduced pitch range, breaks, strain, tremor, pain, aphonia, strangled

We don’t say hoarseness… vague