Test 1 (Units 1 and 2) Flashcards
1
Q
Young Adulthood (Lela Llorens)
A
20-35 years
2
Q
Middle Adulthood (Lela Llorens)
A
35-50 years
3
Q
Later Adulthood (Lela Llorens)
A
50-65 years
4
Q
What did Levinson say was the age range for early adulthood?
A
17-45 years
5
Q
What did Levinson say was the age range for early adulthood transition?
A
17-22 years
6
Q
What did Levinson say was the age range for entering the adult world?
A
22-28 years
7
Q
What did Levinson say was the age range for age thirty transition?
A
28-33 years
8
Q
What did Levinson say was the age range for settling down in early adulthood?
A
33-40 years
9
Q
What did Levinson say was the age range for middle adulthood?
A
40-60 years
10
Q
What did Levinson say was the age range for late adulthood?
A
60+ years
11
Q
What was the issue with Levinson’s perspective on adulthood?
A
Sample size of only 40, all were males
12
Q
Most contemporary theorists consider what perspective?
A
Life-span perspective
13
Q
What makes up the lifespan perspective?
A
Early phase development (childhood and adolescence) and later phase development (young adulthood, middle age, old age)
14
Q
Human development across the lifespan is views as a ___________ and _________ process?
A
Dynamic, complex
15
Q
Human development across the lifespan views humans as wanting what?
A
Competence and role mastery
16
Q
OT views development across the lifespan as what approach?
A
Bottom-up
17
Q
What is the first assumption of the OFM?
A
Adults strive to have feelings of satisfaction, self-efficacy, and self-esteem
18
Q
According to the OFM, where are the feelings of satisfaction, self-efficacy, and self-esteem derived from?
A
Being able to perform something successfully, control of own life, being competent in life roles
19
Q
Belief you can do something
A
Self-efficacy
20
Q
Examples of self-maintenance roles
A
ADLs, IADLs, home management, caregiver, exercise
21
Q
Examples of self-advancement roles
A
enabling/betterment of self
22
Q
Examples of self-enhancement roles
A
leisure, club member, social participation
23
Q
Second assumption of the OFM?
A
Adults’ performance ability to carry out one’s roles, tasks, and activities based upon: abilities, skills, and capacities, habits
24
Q
Remediation vs adaptation
A
Remediation= rebuild, restore, adaptation= compensatory ideas
25
Third assumption of OFM?
Adults' satisfactory performance ability in life is based upon context and environment
26
Difference between context and environment?
Context is bigger
27
Changes in vision with age
decreased tissue elasticity, decreased strength in eye, nearsightedness, dry eyes, macular degeneration, decreased night vision, driving
28
Prevention for age related vision changes?
Adequate lighting, get rid of tripping hazards, large print, driving eval
29
Age related changes with hearing
Decreased, safety issues, hard to hear high frequency
30
Age related hearing changes prevention?
Cancel out harmful sounds
31
Tactile age related changes
Decreased response to stimuli
32
Prevention tactile age related changes
Make habit to examine skin, remove sharp objects
33
Vestibular changes with age
decreases with age, decreased righting reactions, decreased balance
34
Prevention vestibular age related changes?
Rugs removed, other trip hazzards
35
Age related changes PNS and CNS?
neuron loss, decrease axons, slower nerve conduction
36
Prevention CNS/PNS degeneration
Keep mind active
37
Age related changes taste/smell/tactile
increase threshold, inability to detect aromas, food may seem tasteless
38
Prevention age related changes taste/smell/tactile
Large label with food expiration dates, gas detectors in home
39
Age related changes in muscles
decrease in size, increase fatigue, decrease strength
40
Prevention muscle degeneration
Staying active
41
Age related changes in joints/bones
Ligaments and tendons less elastic, decrease in synovial fluid, hardened cartilage, decreased bone density
42
Prevention in joints/bones age related changes
Activity to keep blood flowing to bones
43
Age related cognitive changes
fluid intelligence is more difficult, memory and recall more difficult
44
Age related cognitive changes
decrease in pace maker cells, changes in artery elasticity, stiffening joints
45
4 most common interruptions during adulthood
Neurologic conditions, cardiovascular conditions, musculoskeletal disorders, systemic illnesses
46
Examples of common neurological conditions
CVA, MS, TBI, Guillain Barre, Parkinson's, SCIs, Alzheimer's, ALS
47
Cardiovascular condition examples
MI, COPD
48
Common musculoskeletal disorders in adulthood
repetitive trauma disorders, various hand injuries, arthritis, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, myasthenia gravis
49
Typical stay TCU?
10 days or less
50
Typical stay rehab?
2 weeks +
51
Examples of systemic illnesses
T2 diabetes, AIDS, cancer, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosis
52
Where is biomedical model used?
Hospitals, neuro, acute care, cardiac, ICU
53
What would an OT do within the biomedical model?
Preparatory methods, positioning, ROM, splinting, universal cuff, ADLs (grooming, transfers, toileting, dressing)
54
Where is the rehabilitative model used?
TCU, simulated occupations (actually showering/dressing/walking)
55
Where are community based models used?
Residential, outpatient settings, school, respite
56
Where are prevention and health promotion models used?
Nursing home
57
Complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health
58
The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
Health promotion
59
Modification of risk factors prior to onset
Primary prevention
60
Early detection and strategies to slow progression
Secondary prevention
61
Interventions to stop progression of a condition and limit disability
Tertiary prevention
62
Which prevention tier is considered at risk?
secondary
63
Health promotion, disease prevention, health maintenance, counseling, patient education, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic illness in a variety of health care settings
Health promotion and maintenance
64
There is a ____% annual increase in those with chronic conditions
1
65
The ability of the individual, i conjunction with family, community, and health care professionals, to manage symptoms, treatments, lifestyle changes, and psychosocial, cultural, and spiritual consequences of health conditions
Self Management (DeRosa)
66
Outlines methods for coordinated healthcare and improved outcomes for individuals with chronic conditions
Chronic Care Model (DeRosa)
67
OT process
referral, evaluation
68
What should be in the medical history/occupational profile?
prior functional level, occupational history, interests, values, needs
69
What are the 2 parts of an evaluation?
Med history/occ profile, analysis of occupational performance
70
What goes into an analysis of occupational performance?
Identification and observation of present performance level in areas of occupation, identify and measure underlying performance skills patterns, contextual factors, client factors that affect performance
71
Overall, evaluation occurs through what?
Interview, skilled observation, testing
72
Evaluation leads to what?
A "working hypothesis"
73
Presents a picture of a person's status at one moment in time and can compare it with another person's status
Descriptive ADL evaluation
74
Sets criteria against which a person's status is compared
predictive ADL evaluation
75
Measures a person's status over time
Evaluative ADL evaluation
76
Does it measure what it states it will?
Validity
77
Is the parameter measured consistently no matter who administers test?
Reliability
78
Can small increments of client change be detected?
Responsiveness
79
FIM can be scored through what?
Interview or observation
80
Shortened version of the FIM, 6 items (eating, grooming, bowel management, toilet transfer, expression, memory)
Alphafim
81
From FIM for orthopedic and cardiopulmonary practice and outcome measurement
Lifeware
82
Evaluation of motor skills
Functional UE ROM, Modified Ashworth Scale, Functional MMT, POG and pinch
83
The combined activity of many muscles into smooth patterns and sequences of motion. Automatic response monitored primarily through proprioceptive sensory feedback
Coordination
84
The ability to make skillful, controlled arm-hand manipulations or larger objects
Manual/gross dexterity
85
Ability to make rapid, skillful, controlled manipulative movements of small objects, using primarily the fingers
Finger or fine motor dexterity
86
Vision should be tested how?
First with vision then vision occluded
87
Stimuli should be applied how?
On in-tact area prior to sensory impaired area
88
PNS injury stimuli applied how?
Distal to proximal
89
CNS injury stimuli applied how?
Proximal to distal
90
What does BiVaBa stand for?
Brain injury visual assessment battery for adults
91
What is on the bottom of Mary Warren's Hierarchy of Visual perception?
Attention, oculomotor control, visual fields, visual acuity
92
2nd to bottom on hierarchy of visual perception?
Scanning
93
3rd from bottom on hierarchy of visual perception?
Pattern recognition
94
3rd from top on hierarchy of visual perception?
visual memory
95
2nd from top on hierarchy of visual perception?
visuocognition
96
Top of hierarchy of visual perception?
adaptation through vision
97
The ability to interpret or attach meaning to sensory information from the external and internal environments
Perception
98
Perceptual skills are very closely tied to what 3 things?
Sensory experience, cognitive functions, and emotions
99
Foundational to all other cognitive skills
Attention
100
5 types of attention
Focused, sustained, selective, alternating, divided
101
Name, date, place, personal information
Orientation
102
Involves input, storage, and retrieval processes
Memory
103
Types of memory
visual, auditory, recognition, procedural
104
Types of higher level thinking
Problem solving, reasoning, concept formation
105
2 types of metacognition/metaprocessing
executive functions, self-awareness
106
Types of executive functions
initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, self-reflection
107
appreciation of own attributes an initiation of compensatory strategies
Self-awareness
108
Bottom of cognitive hierarchy
attention
109
2nd to bottom of cognitive hierarchy
orientation
110
3rd from bottom of cognitive hierarchy
memory
111
2nd from top cognitive hierarchy
problem-solving
112
Top of cognitive hierarchy
Meta-processing
113
Examples of IADL evaluations
Kitchen task assessment, EFPT, AMPS
114
Features of the built environment that optimize function for everyone regardless of ability
Universal design
115
Features of build environment that remove physical barriers to allow for full and equal accessibility for all people with disabilities
Barrier-free design
116
7 principles of universal design
equitable use by individuals with diverse abilities, flexibility in usage to accommodate many preferences, simple and intuitive use, information is perceptible and understood by all audiences, error is minimized and safety is enhanced, low physical effort is required, size and space is appropriately designated for use for individuals with a variety of disabilities
117
How wide should hallways be?
48 inches
118
Ramps should rise ______ inch of height for every ________ inches of length
1, 12
119
Doorways should be at least _______________ inches in width
32-36
120
Door pressure should be ____ lbs or less
5
121
Wheelchair turning space should be _______ inches or ______ square feet in diameter
60, 5
122
Another person is not required for the activity
Independent
123
Client safely performs all the tasks described as making up the activity within a reasonable amount of time, and does so without modification, assistive devices or aids
FIM 7, complete independence
124
One or more of the following may be true: the activity requires an assistive device or aid, the activity takes more than reasonable time, or the activity involves safety (risk) considerations
FIM 6, modified independence
125
Patient requires another person for either supervision or physical assistance in order to perform the activity, or it is not performed- REQUIRES HELPER
Dependent
126
The patient expends 50% or more of the effort
Modified dependence
127
Patient requires no more help than standby, cuing or coaxing, without physical contact; alternately, the helper sets up needed items or supplies orthoses or assistive/adaptive devices
FIM 5, modified dep, supervision or setup
128
Patient requires no more help than touching, and expends 75% or more of the effort
FIM 4, modified dep, minimal contact assistance
129
FIM level independent but use sock aid?
6, mod ind
130
FIM levels contact guard assist?
4 and/or 5
131
Just verbal assist necessary
FIM 5, supervision or setup
132
Can do all dressing but buttons
FIM 4, minimal contact assistance
133
The patient requires more help than touching, or expends between 50 or 74% of the effort
FIM 3, mod dep, moderate assistance
134
The patient expends less than half the effort. Maximal or total assistance is required.
Complete dependence
135
Patient expends between 25 to 49% of the effort
Maximal assistance, FIM 2
136
Patient expends less than 25% of the effort
Total assistance, FIM 1
137
Activity does not occur
FIM 0
