Test 1 Spring

Question 1

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize which of the following?

Answer 1

diffusion

Question 2

There has historically been a close relationship between the sciences of anatomy & physiology. This is reflected by which of the following statements discussed in class?

Answer 2

Function follows form”

Question 3

The pancreas plays a major role in the maintenance of blood glucose levels by releasing hormones that alter circulating glucose levels. After a meal, the pancreas releases _____________ and this leads to a(n) ______________________ in circulating glucose concentration.

Answer 3

insulin; decrease

Question 4

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Answer 4

the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise

Question 5

As discussed in lecture, what is considered THE central theme in physiology?

Answer 5

homeostasis

Question 6

In your home heating system, which element is the EFFECTOR?

Answer 6

furnace

Question 7

Being in positive energy balance implies that you

Answer 7

will gain weight

Question 8

A sphincter muscle is

Answer 8

a ring of smooth muscles that can close an opening

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order for the passage of food through the ruminant digestive system?

Answer 9

rumen > reticulum > omasum > abomasum

Question 10

Where does the vast majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestion system of mammals?

Answer 10

duodenum

Question 11

The storage area in an insect that houses the bacteria needed to break down plant materials is called the _____________________.

Answer 11

gastric cecum

Question 12

Which of the following organisms uses intracellular digestion for the processing of nutrients?

Answer 12

sponge

Question 13

An animal that migrates great distances would obtain the greatest benefit from storing its energy as:

Answer 13

fats

Question 14

Which of the following vitamins would likely cause the most problems if taken in excess?

Answer 14

Vitamin D

Question 15

Enzymatic hydrolysis is a key component in which stage of nutrient processing?

Answer 15

digestion

Question 16

A well-trained athlete has a resting heart rate of only 60 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 100 mL and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute. What is this person’s cardiac output?

Answer 16

6000 mL

Question 17

Which organism has a gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 17

jellyfish

Question 18

In the lungs at the site of gas exchange, the PO2 is 104 mm Hg and PCO2 is 40 mm Hg. Based upon these numbers, what is the approximate concentration of these two gases that would be found in the left atrium? Best answer, please.

Answer 18

PO2 = 104 mm Hg; PCO2 = 40 mm Hg

Question 19

Where would you NOT expect to see a one-way valve in the mammalian heart?

Answer 19

between the left and right ventricle

Question 20

After leaving the capillary beds in the left lung, where does blood flow next?

Answer 20

left atrium

Question 21

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the _______________.

Answer 21

alveoli

Question 22

Blood is pumped into the aorta during what phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 22

ventricular systole

Question 23

For the ECG (electrocardiogram) shown, which of the following parameters could be used to estimate the heart rate?

Answer 23

time from the start of one P wave to the start of the next P wave

Question 24

To enhance diffusion (think Fick’s Law of Diffusion), the surfaces over which gas diffusion occurs tend to be:

Answer 24

thin

Question 25

An osmoconformer must live in which of the following environments?

Answer 25

sea water

Question 26

After the Loop of Henle, where does the filtrate go next?

Answer 26

distal tubule

Question 27

The stimulus for the release of vasopressin is _________________ and it causes the production of a ______________ urine.

Answer 27

high osmolarity; concentrated

Question 28

A marine fish has which of the following osmoregulatory adaptations?

Answer 28

it drinks a lot and produces little urine

Question 29

On the graph, one of the lines shown represents a STENOHALINE OSMOREGULATOR. Which line best represents this organism?
Osmo_osmoregulator4.png

Answer 29

E

Question 30

You go to the doctor and she prescribes a diuretic for you to take. As a result of taking this drug, you will likely be urinating more frequently than before.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

A fish living in the freshwater Bear Lake would have a greater number of juxtamedullary nephrons than one living in the Great Salt Lake.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Which of the following directly causes constriction of the afferent arteriole leading to the glomerulus?

Answer 32

angiotensin II

Question 33

Where is the filtrate produced in the kidney?

Answer 33

in the Bowman’s capsule

Question 34

The primary force that drives the movement of fluid from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule is:

Answer 34

blood pressure