Test 1 Spring Flashcards
Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize which of the following?
diffusion
There has historically been a close relationship between the sciences of anatomy & physiology. This is reflected by which of the following statements discussed in class?
Function follows form”
The pancreas plays a major role in the maintenance of blood glucose levels by releasing hormones that alter circulating glucose levels. After a meal, the pancreas releases _____________ and this leads to a(n) ______________________ in circulating glucose concentration.
insulin; decrease
An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when
the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise
As discussed in lecture, what is considered THE central theme in physiology?
homeostasis
In your home heating system, which element is the EFFECTOR?
furnace
Being in positive energy balance implies that you
will gain weight
A sphincter muscle is
a ring of smooth muscles that can close an opening
Which of the following is the correct order for the passage of food through the ruminant digestive system?
rumen > reticulum > omasum > abomasum
Where does the vast majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestion system of mammals?
duodenum
The storage area in an insect that houses the bacteria needed to break down plant materials is called the _____________________.
gastric cecum
Which of the following organisms uses intracellular digestion for the processing of nutrients?
sponge
An animal that migrates great distances would obtain the greatest benefit from storing its energy as:
fats
Which of the following vitamins would likely cause the most problems if taken in excess?
Vitamin D
Enzymatic hydrolysis is a key component in which stage of nutrient processing?
digestion
A well-trained athlete has a resting heart rate of only 60 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 100 mL and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute. What is this person’s cardiac output?
6000 mL
Which organism has a gastrovascular cavity?
jellyfish
In the lungs at the site of gas exchange, the PO2 is 104 mm Hg and PCO2 is 40 mm Hg. Based upon these numbers, what is the approximate concentration of these two gases that would be found in the left atrium? Best answer, please.
PO2 = 104 mm Hg; PCO2 = 40 mm Hg
Where would you NOT expect to see a one-way valve in the mammalian heart?
between the left and right ventricle
After leaving the capillary beds in the left lung, where does blood flow next?
left atrium
The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the _______________.
alveoli
Blood is pumped into the aorta during what phase of the cardiac cycle?
ventricular systole
For the ECG (electrocardiogram) shown, which of the following parameters could be used to estimate the heart rate?
time from the start of one P wave to the start of the next P wave
To enhance diffusion (think Fick’s Law of Diffusion), the surfaces over which gas diffusion occurs tend to be:
thin
An osmoconformer must live in which of the following environments?
sea water
After the Loop of Henle, where does the filtrate go next?
distal tubule
The stimulus for the release of vasopressin is _________________ and it causes the production of a ______________ urine.
high osmolarity; concentrated
A marine fish has which of the following osmoregulatory adaptations?
it drinks a lot and produces little urine
On the graph, one of the lines shown represents a STENOHALINE OSMOREGULATOR. Which line best represents this organism?
Osmo_osmoregulator4.png
E
You go to the doctor and she prescribes a diuretic for you to take. As a result of taking this drug, you will likely be urinating more frequently than before.
True
A fish living in the freshwater Bear Lake would have a greater number of juxtamedullary nephrons than one living in the Great Salt Lake.
False
Which of the following directly causes constriction of the afferent arteriole leading to the glomerulus?
angiotensin II
Where is the filtrate produced in the kidney?
in the Bowman’s capsule
The primary force that drives the movement of fluid from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule is:
blood pressure
