Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2: Neuromuscular > Test 1: Sensory Screen and Evaluation > Flashcards

Test 1: Sensory Screen and Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

describe how a sensory pathway works

A

sensory info enters SC through dorsal roots

carried to higher pathways via ascending pathways

interprets sensation within primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 main afferent sensory pathways

A

anterolateral spinothalamic pathway
-nondiscriminitive/crude touch/pain/temp
-more primitive

dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML)
-precise location/discriminative touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the anterolateral spinothalamic pathway recieves signals from what

A

mechanoreceptors
nociceptors
thermoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what fibers relay info from the anterolateral spinothalamic path

A

C fibers (peripheral n)

small unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 tracts for the anterolateral spinothalamic tract

A

anterior spinothalamic = crudely localized, light touch, pressure

lateral spinothalamic tract = pain and temp

spinoreticular = deep/diffuse/chronic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DCML is primary sensation for

A

discriminitive touch

combined cortical sensations (stereogenesis, tactile pressure, barogenesis, texture, kinesthesia, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DCML receives signals from

A

specialized mechanoreceptors

fine graduations of intensity and precise location on a body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fibers involved with the DCML

A

A beta and A delta

large myelinated

rapid conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of info is perceived in the somatosensory cortex cortical areas

A

location
shape
texture
size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe sensory receptors

A

nerve endings located at distal ends of afferent n fiber

specific/sensitive to type of stimulus they are designed for

tactile sensations recieved when specific receptors are stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are teh 3 divisions of sensory receptors

A

superficial
deep
combined (cortical) sensations

** also the 3 types of sensations**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is superficial sensation/type of receptors

A

exteroreceptors recieve stimuli from environment via skin/subcutaneous tissue

responsible for perception of pain, temp, light touch, and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is deep sensation/type of receptors

A

proprioceptors recieve stimuli from muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and fascia

responsible for sense and awareness of joints at rest, movement awareness, and vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is combined cortical sensation/type of receptors

A

combo of superficial and deep

require info from exteroceptive and proprioceptive receptors as well as intact function of cortical sensory association areas

2 point discrimination, barognosis, graphesthesia, tactile localization, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a mechanoreceptor

A

respond to mechanical deformation fo receptor/surrounding area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are thermoreceptors

A

respond to change in temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are nociceptors

A

respond to noxious stimuli and result in perception of pain

18
Q

what are chemoreceptors

A

respond to chemical substances and are responsible for taste, smell, oxygen levels, etc

19
Q

what are photic receptors

A

respond to light within the visible spectrum

20
Q

what is a merkel’s disc

A

found abundantly in fingertips

responsible for 2 pt discrimination

21
Q

what is a free nerve ending

A

found throughout body

sense pain, temp, touch, and pressure

22
Q

what are the types of muscle receptors

A

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs
free nerve ending
pacinian corpuscles

23
Q

what do muscle spindle fibers do

A

monitor changes in muscle length and velocity of these changes

vital role in position and movement and in motor learning

24
Q

types of joint receptors

A

golgi type endings

free nerve endings

ruffini endings

paciniform endings

25
Q

what is a sensory screen and the 5 primary categories

A

screen that identifies need for further investigation of the neuro/MSK systems

light touch
pin prick
temp
joint position/awareness
vibration

26
Q

what is a gross sensation screening

A

part of neurologic evaluation which examines a patients somatosensation

27
Q

what does somatosensory mean

A

sensation received from the skin and MSK system

28
Q

what is sensory integrity

A

how clearly a sensation is being perceived

determines pts ability to interpret and discriminate among incoming somatosensory information

29
Q

what does a sensory exam/screen include

A

gross sensation screening

part of systems review

somatosensory exam

tests sensory integrity

includes assessing anterolateral spinothalamic and DCML pathways

30
Q

testing order for sensory exam

A

superficial sensations (pain/light/crude touch/pressure/temp)

deep/proprioceptive sensation (DCML path)

combined cortical sensation

logical because if there is a superficial impairment there will also be a deep one

31
Q

performance considerations for sensory exam

A

apply stimuli randomly
perform distal to proximal
avoid desensitized surface areas
block patients vision
cater verbal cuing for accurate responses

32
Q

common elements that need to be documented for sensory screening

A

type of sensation

area of body being tested

degree of involvement

localization of the exact boundaries of sensory impairment

patient position

tools used

33
Q

grading scale for sensation

A

2 = normal
1 = impaired/delayed
0 = absent
NT = not testable (amputation, cast, etc)

dermatome chart used to graphically display findings

34
Q

how to test pain perception

A

sharp/dull discrimination

indicates function of protective sensation

apply uniform pressure and avoid summation of impulses

35
Q

how to test temperature awareness

A

distinguish between warm and cool

use 2 test tubes with different temps

touch pt skin with side of test tube

36
Q

how to test touch awareness

A

determines perception of tactile input

use piece of cotton/monofilament device

touch pts skin with instrument; can combine with tactile location (where do you feel touch)

37
Q

how to test pressure perception

A

determines deeper perception of tactile input

cotton swab/tongue depressor

apply firm pressure on skin

38
Q

how to test kinesthesia awareness

A

join tmoved passively through small ROM

move in small increments

have pt describe the direction of motion

39
Q

how to test proprioceptive awareness

A

examines joint position sense and awareness

joint moved pssively and repositioned statically

held in static position

patient asked to describe static position

40
Q

what is pronator drift

A

pt holds arms out in front for 30 sec with eyes closed

positive test is if the pts more affected side begins to droop or pronate back to neutral

41
Q

how to test vibration perception

A

tuning fork (DCML)

place on bony prominence while vibrating and still

pt can distiguish between 2 conditions

42
Q

what is steregnosis perception

A

ability to recognize the form of objects by touch

Year 2: Neuromuscular (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions