Test 1 Revision - Semester 1 Flashcards
Physical Health
How efficiently the body and its systems function, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Social Health
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both and independent and cooperate way. E.g. having a healthy relationship
Mental Health
Refers to the state of well-being in which the individual realise his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life.
Development
A continual process beginning at conception and ending with death.
Changes are qualitative (can’t be measured easily).
What are the 4 components of development?
- Physical
- Intellectual
- Emotional
- Social
Physical development
The changed that relate to people’s size and shape, and therefore, body structure.
Intellectual development
The ways in which people are able to think and reason.
Emotional development
Deals with feelings and moods and the ways in which people express, understand and exercise control over them.
Social development
The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.
Determinants of health
The combination of factors that determine youth health. These factors can increase our chances of ill health or good health. E.g: - Biological - Behavioural - Physical environment etc.
Biological factors
Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight etc.
Prenatal stage
Conception - 9 months (birth)
Infancy
Birth- 2nd birthday
Early childhood
2nd birthday- 6th birthday
Late Childhood
6th birthday - 12 years old
Youth/ adolescence
12-18
Early adulthood
19-40
Middle adulthood
40-65
Late adulthood
65- until death
Growth
An increase in the size and number of cells in the body.
Growth is quantitative (it can be measured)
P.I.E.S Infancy
P- teeth appear, rolls, sits, crawls
I- speaking, brain and CNS develops
E- Learns words, cries, smiles
S- aware of family (main socialising group)
P.I.E.S Early Childhood
P- Can feed self, 1st set of teeth
I- uses many words, asks questions
E- increasing independence
S- learns to make friends
P.I.E.S Youth
P- Puberty
I- Problem solving more complex
E- Intellectual maturity
S- may have intimate relationships
WHOs definition of health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Development principles
- Development is continual
- Development is predictable
- Development cannot occur until a child is maturely and intellectually ready.
- There is individual variation in the rate of development.
- Development relies on muscular and neutral maturation
- Development is sequential
What are the limitations of WHO’s defintion?
- It is very unlikely that anyone will ever be in a ‘complete’ state of well-being.
Individual health status
An individual’s or population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is one of the most common methods used to measure health status. It gives an indication of how long a person is expected to live.
Morbidity
The rate at which a particular disease or illness occurs
Mortalilty
Mortality refers to the deaths in a population. The mortality rate is therefore an indication of how many deaths occurred in a population in a given period of time for a specific cause.
DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years)
A measure of the loss of healthy life as a result of non-fatal health conditions, illness, injury or premature death.
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. It is measured in DALY.
Incidence
Incidence refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/ condition in a population during a given period.
Prevalance
The number of proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Trends
A long term general movement or change in frequency, usually either upwards or downwards.
E.g. A unhealthy behaviour that is becoming more frequent.
HALE (Healthy Adjusted Life Years)
HALE estimates the number of healthy years an individual is expected to live at birth by subtracting the years of ill health – weighted according to severity – from overall life expectancy.
Infant mortality rate
Infant mortality is the death of a child less than one year of age.
Maternal mortality rate
Maternal death is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.
Health indicators
- life expectancy
- mortality rates
- morbidity rates
Fine motor skills
the manipulation and coordination of small muscle groups such as those in the hands
Gross motor skills
the manipulation and coordination of large muscle groups such as those in the arms and legs.
Reasons for improvement in life expectance
- improved technology
- vaccinations
- education
- hygiene
- more medication
Developmental milestones
a significant skill or event occurring in a person’s life: for example, learning to walk, getting a job or having children.
Cephalocaudal law
The cephalocaudal law maintains that development spreads over the body form head to foot.
Proximodistal Law
The proximodistal law maintains that development spreads outward from the central axis of the body or trunk to the extremities like hands and feet.
