Test 1 review sheet

Question 1

Describe the embryonic origin of connective tissue and give an example

Answer 1

Formed by mesenchymal cells
Ex: bone, cartilage and tendons

Question 2

Describe the embryonic origin of epithelial tissue and give an example

Answer 2

Formed in the ectoderm
Ex: skin

Question 3

describe the embryonic origin of muscle tissue and give an example

Answer 3

formed by stem cells
Ex: muscle

Question 4

describe the embryonic origin of nervous tissue and give an example

Answer 4

Formed in the ectoderm, which follows signals from the mesoderm
Ex: nerves

Question 5

Describe the structural and functions of connective tissue

Answer 5

Function: supports, protects and gives structure to organs and tissues.

Structure: Fibers - elastic, reticular and collagen
Ground substance- contain cell proteins and fluid

Question 6

describe the structural and functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 6

structural: formed from tightly fitted continuous layer of cells

Function: protect, secretion and absorption

Question 7

describe the structural and functions of muscle tissue

Answer 7

Function: contract in order ti produce movement of the body parts

Structure: bundled together and surrounded by tough connective tissue

Question 8

describe the structural and functions of nervous tissue

Answer 8

Function: coordinating and controlling body activities, create awareness of environment

Structure: neurons and glial cells. helps transmit nerve impulses and provides nutrients to neurons

Question 9

what are glial cells

Answer 9

non-neuronal located within the central nervous system and provides physical and metabolic support to neurons

Question 10

List the characteristics of life

Answer 10

cellular organization, reproduce, growth and development, energy, homeostasis and response to the environment

Question 11

what is homeostasis and give an example

Answer 11

Homeostasis is when your body try’s to regulate and maintain its norm.

Ex: when you body starts to over heat you will sweat. this is your body trying to cool itself down

Question 12

Describe basal cell carcinoma

Answer 12

Least malignant and most common, slowly invades the dermis and hypodermis and can be cured by surgery

Question 13

describe squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 13

Second most common, involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
usually a scaly reddened papule on scalp, ears, lower lip and hands
if found soon can be treated by radiation or removed surgically

Question 14

describe melanoma

Answer 14

Cancer of melanocytes; is most dangerous type because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
Key to survival is early detection: ABCD rule
A: asymmetry; the two sides of the pigmented area do not match
B: border irregularity; exhibits indentations
C: color; contains several colors (black, brown, tan, sometimes red or blue)
D: diameter; larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)

Question 15

describe the functions of the eccrine gland

Answer 15

Sweat glands, abundant on palms, soles of feet and forehead
regulated by sympathetic nervous system
99% water salts and vitamin c and metabolic waste
Temperature control

Question 16

describe the functions of the apocrine gland

Answer 16

Secrete viscous milky or yellowish sweat that contains fatty substances and proteins
secrete cerumen (earwax)
Mammary glands: secrete milk

Question 17

list the layer of integument in order
(superficial to deep)

Answer 17

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucideum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosom
Stratum basale

Question 18

describe the function of the stratum corneum

Answer 18

prevents unwanted materials from entering, and excessive loss of water from exiting the body

Question 19

describe the function of the stratum lucideum

Answer 19

contains dead cells of keratinocytes, helps protect skin against damage

Question 20

describe the functions of the stratum granulosum

Answer 20

help prevent fluid loss in the skin

Question 21

describe the functions of the stratum spinosum

Answer 21

Help make the skin strong and flexible
Contains spiny protrusions that prevent your skin from tearing and blistering

Question 22

describe the functions of the stratum basale

Answer 22

Attached to the basement membrane
Merkel cells are found here which help with sensory functions
New cells are created here

Question 23

think skin has how many layer of integument

Answer 23

5

Question 24

how many layers of integument does thin skin have

Answer 24

4, missing the stratum lucidum

Question 25

Discuss the thermoregulatory function of skin

Answer 25

the skin regulates body temp along with homeostasis

Question 26

what is the function of hair
(Fill out the diagram)

Answer 26

protection, regulation of body temperature, and helps sense things

Question 27

what is the function of nails
(fill out diagram)

Answer 27

protect the sensitive parts of the fingers and toes