Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chem/Physics 927 > Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Test 1 Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

alcohol functional group

A

R-OH

  1. polar
  2. primary alcohol is attached to one carbon. secondary alcohol attached to 2 carbons. tertiary alcohol attached to 3 carbons
  3. named -ol ex) ethanol
  4. IMF: H bonds, dipole dipole, LDF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thiol functional group

A

CH3-CH2-CH2-SH

  1. nonpolar
  2. no dipol (sulfur and water have similar electronegativities)
  3. not soluble in water
  4. covalent
  5. named -thiol ex) propanethiol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ether functional group

A 
R-O-R (O in middle of hydrocarbon chain)
"hydrocarbons on ether side"
1. polar because oxygen and carbon
2. can be aromatic or aliphatic
3. named -ether ex)methyl propyl ether
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aldehyde functional group

A 
R-(C=O)-H. have a carbonyl group (C=O). 
ends in H
1. super polar 
2. soluble in water 
3. named -al ex) ethanal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ketone functional group

A

R-(C=O)-R. have a carbonyl group (C=O).

  1. super polar
  2. soluble in water
  3. named -one ex)butanone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carboxylic acid

A

CH3-(C=O)-OH
can donate hydrogen (acid is a proton donor)
contains carboxyl group (carbonyl, alcohol)
1. polar (electronegativity between C+O, O+H)
2. soluble in water unless R=mucho hydrocarbons
3. named “-oic acid” ex)ethanoic acid
4. IMF: H bonds, dipole, dipole, LDF
5. boiling point 118 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

esters

A 
CO-O-CH
"esters got a COOCH"
1. polar
2. make this with carboxylic acid and ETOH
3. named -oate ex)methyl ethanoate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

amines

A

CH3-CH2-CH2-(N-CH2)-CH3

  1. primary attached to one hydrocarbon and likely two hydrogens
  2. secondary attached to two hydrocarbon and likely one hydrogens
  3. tertiary attached to 3 hydrocarbon, most lipophilic. least polar of the 3 (because difference between N-C is smaller than N-H)
  4. lipophilic but derivative of ammonia
  5. must have nitrogen
  6. act as bases in water, will accept proton (H+)
  7. named -amine. ex) dimethyl propyl amine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

amides

A

CH3-(C=O)-NH2

  • derivative of carboxylic acids in which nitrogen group (NH2) replaces hydroxyl group
    1. carbonyl group makes it polar
    2. -amide. ex)ethanamide
    3. primary and secondary amides
    4. IMF: h-bond, dipole-dipole, LDF
    5. H bonds with H20
    6. boiling point 222 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chirality

A
  • only describing center carbon
  • chiral carbon is stereogenic, everything rotates around it
  • this carbon is connected to 4 different things
  • cannot superimpose on itself
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stereoisomer

A

more than one way to rearrange group. usually because more than one of the same thing
ex) C attached to H+, H+, Cl, Br

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

constitutional isomer

A

made up of same things but function as two different molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

enantiomer

A
  1. prioritize 4 groups attached to chiral center based on atomic number
  2. orient so lowest priority group is projecting away
  3. determine if highest to lower priority is going clockwise (R) or counterclockwise (L)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

alkanes

A

C-C

  1. nonpolar
  2. not water soluble
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

alkenes

A

C=C

  1. no chirality anymore
  2. nonpolar and hydrophobic
  3. only SLIGHT water solubility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

alkynes

A

C(3lines)C

  1. most soluble but still not soluble
  2. nonpolar
17
Q

aromatic rings

A

can have - or = bonds
great stability
can have N, S, O
in larger structures, called a phenyl group

18
Q

phenol

A

OH group with phenyl ring
much more soluble than non aromatic alcohols
-lipid soluble until it binds to molecules that create polarity

19
Q

least to most polar functional groups
lowest to highest boiling point
most soluble in water

A
  1. hydrocarbons (exist naturally as a gas)
  2. ethers
  3. esters, aldehydes, ketones
  4. amines
  5. alcohol
  6. carboxylic acid
  7. amides
20
Q

Quarternary Ammonium Cation

A

loss of N outer shell electron makes N+, no H+, pH independent because no H+.
attraction of H+ means reversible charge to ammonium. pH dependent.

21
Q

Amide Local Anesthetics

A

licocaine, bupivicaine, ropivicaine, mepivicaine (all are tertiary amines). amide linker broken down by liver

22
Q

ester local anesthetics

A

chloropocaine, procaine, tetracaine. ester linker broken down by esterases

23
Q

chemical structure of local anesthetics

A

phenyl group for lipophilicity
ester or amide group for degradation.
protonation state affects its solubility (amine portion, affected by acid base balance)

24
Q

nano equivalents of H+ in blood

A

40x 10^-9Eq/L

25
Q

how to assess electroneutrality

A

mg has to be converted to moles of ions and valence to assess this

26
Q

BH+ B + H+

A

BH+ is protonated acid, B + H+ is a weak base.

27
Q

intramolecular forces

A

covalent, ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent

28
Q

intermolecular forces

A

hydrogen (O-H dipol), van der waals

29
Q

strongest to least strong types of chemical bonds

A 
covalent
ionic
hydrogen
hydrophobic
van der waals
30
Q

covalent bonds

A

different atoms can support different numbers of covalent bonds. number of covalent bonds formed is equal to the number of unpaired electrons in outermost shell

31
Q

daltons laws describing behavior of atoms

A
  1. atoms of different elements have different properties
  2. atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
  3. atoms of different elements form compounds in whole number ratios

Chem/Physics 927 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions