Test 1 Review Flashcards
Sclala tympani and scala vestibuli are filled with _______________ fluid
Perilymph
The Main Function of the auricle/pinna is to ________________
Catch sound and funnel it down to the external auditory canal.
Somas/cell body of the auditory neurons are located in the _______________
Modiolus
Ligaments and muscle attachments to the Incus:
posterior and superior ligaments
The space in the middle-ear cavity above the tympanic membrane is the_______________.
Epitympanic recess
The ______________ primary transducer of mechanical to electrochemical energy
Inner hair cells
In the United States, the # born with a detectable level of hearing loss in one or both ears.
About 2 to 3 out of every 1,000 children
a pressure increase of 44 to 1 corresponds =
increase of approximately 33 dB SPL
Which muscle connects to the manubrium of malleus?
Tensor tympani
The middle-ear muscle which contracts in order to reduce the amplitude of vibration of a sound and which is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve(VII) is the ________________.
Stapedius Muscle
Separates the scala media from the scala tympani
The Basilar Membrane
Pathology:
A disorder of hearing organs
The bottom canal/chamber of the bony labyrinth
Scala tympani
The three middle ear bones that make up the ___________ chain are the ___________, ______________ and the stapes.
Ossicular, malleus, incus.
How many “outer” hair cells do we have?
3 to 4 rows of 12,000-20,000
The stria vascularis is located in the scala media and functions to ______________
- Carry blood
- Supplies oxygen and other nutrients
- Produce endolymph.
The 2 structures of the tympanic cavity
- Tympanum (main portion)
* Epitympanic recess (attic or upper area)
Attachment 1 for the suspension of the ossicular chain system:
- Attachment of malleus to the eardrum (at umbo)
- Indudomalleolar/Malleoincudal joint
- Incudostapedial joint
- Attachment of the stapes footplate to the oval window
One purpose of the Eustachian tube is to match the pressure of the middle ear to the pressure of the __________________.
Outer ear
How many Americans aged 12 years or older have a hearing loss in both ears?
One in eight people in the United States (13% or 30 million.
The middle canal/chamber
Scala media or Cochlear Duct
Which ME muscle is innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal)
Tensor tympani
In the cylindrical cable of the 8th nerve, the outer portion is made up of :
Base/high frequency fibers
What percentage of the inner radial fibers innervate the inner hair cells?
90 - 95%
Neurons enter the cochlea through the
Habenula Perforata
A groove in the lateral wall
Tympanic sulcus
Ligaments and muscle attachments to the Malleus:
lateral, anterior, and superior ligaments; tensor tympani muscle
The central core around which the cochlea winds is called the __________________.
Modiolus
What attaches to the TM via the manubrium?
Malleus
The human tympanic membrane is comprised of ______________ layers.
Three
Opened by actions of these two muscles of the soft palate during the acts of swallowing, yawning, talking, etc.
- Levator palitini
2. Tensor veli palitini
The tips of the outer hair cells are imbedded in the _______________ membrane.
Tectorial
n the cylindrical cable of the 8th nerve, the inner portion is made up of :
Apical/low frequency portion
Cerumen/earwax is produced in the _______________ portion of the external ear canal.
Cartilaginous
Endolymph fluid is _____ potassium and _____ sodium)
high (potassium)
low (sodium)
The point of maximum retraction of the Tympanic Membrane is the _______________.
Umbo
Explain the Curved-Membrane Buckling Principle
–Buckling action (of the eardrum)
- Eardrum buckles as it moves due to its attachment to the manubrium of the malleus (umbo) and firm attachment to the tympanic annulus
What Contains fibrous middle layer, Makes up 2/3 to ¾ of the eardrum, Primarily responsible for sound transmission?
Pars tensa
The top canal/chamber of the bony labyrinth
Scala vestibuli
What 4 things make up the Peripheral auditory system?
• Outer ear (auricle/pinna, external auditory meatus and canal) • Middle ear • Inner Ear • VIII cranial nerve