Disorders of the Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are two of the most common causes for dysfunction of the eustachian tube?

A
  1. Edema: caused by infection or allergy

2. Blockage by hypertrophied adenoids

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2
Q

Negative pressure in Middle Ear causes ____________

A

Retraction of the tympanic membrane

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3
Q

Politzerization

A

medical procedure that involves inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing.

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4
Q

the Valsalva

A

Forced expiration with the nostrils held shut. Plug your nose and blow.

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5
Q

Toynbee Maneuver

A

Opening the ET by closing the jaw, plugging your nose, and swallowing.

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6
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

Any infection of the mucous-membrane lining of the middle-ear cleft.

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7
Q

Serous otitis media

A

The collection of fluid in the ME cavity.

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8
Q

Purulent/suppurative Otitis media

A

The formulation of pus in the ME cavity

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9
Q

Mucoid otitis media

A

Mucus accumulation in the ME cavity

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10
Q

Otitis media is seen in nearly ___ percent of children born in the US before they are ____ years old.

A
  • 70

- 2

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11
Q

Mastoiditis

A

all inflammatory processes of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone.

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12
Q

ET is closed at rest and is opened by the ____________ and ___________ muscles during the acts of swallowing or yawning.

A
  1. LEVATOR PALITINI

2. TENSOR VELI PALITINI

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of a ET blockage.

A
  • Feeling of “blockage”
  • Otalgia due to tension on the tympanic membrane
  • Possible hearing loss and tinnitus
  • Possible dizziness/balance problems
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14
Q

Up to ______of all children experience at least one episode of OM prior to age ___

A
  • 80%

- 3

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of Otitis Media.

A
• Otalgia 
• Otorrhea 
• Fevers 
• Restless sleep, irritability and temperament
disorders 
• Possible balance and hearing disorders
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16
Q

Effusion:

A

refers to the escape of fluid into tissue or a cavity

17
Q

Classification of OM is typically based on DURATION and TYPE OF EFFUSION. What are the stages?

A

Acute: sudden onset and short duration 1 - 21 days
Subacute: 22 days to 3 months
Chronic: more than 3 months

18
Q

What is the difference between ACUTE SUPPRURATIVE OM and ACUTE SEROUS OM?

A

Suppurative means the fluid in the ear is infected TM is red. Serous means the ME is filled with sterile fluid (TM is yellow and retracted).

19
Q

CHRONIC SEROUS OM

A

– The thick, mucous like fluid is present.
– The fluid has a “glue” like consistency.
– Rich in proteins which can eventually erode the ossicles, bony labyrinth, etc.

20
Q

Mastoiditis:

A

An infection/inflammation of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

21
Q

In Mastoiditis, the _____ as well as the ______ may be involved in the infection

A
  • membrane lining

- bony structures

22
Q

Acute and chronic mastoiditis symptoms include feelings of:

A
  • aural fullness
  • pain
  • edema
  • tenderness behind the auricle
23
Q

Acute Mastoiditis typically shows a ______ due to inadequate drainage of the mastoid mucosa and accumulation of fluid in the tympanum, possible perforation/destruction of the TM, etc.

A

CONDUCTIVE HL

24
Q

Chronic Mastoiditis typically shows a sensory component:

A

MIXED HL

25
Q

Mastoiditis :Associated medical complications include ______________ . It can become life threatening

A
  • meningitis
  • brain abscess
  • cerebellar abscess
26
Q

Mastoidectomy is an operation that allows the exposure of_______________, _______ and ______.

A
  • the mastoid air cells
  • middle ear space
  • ossicles
27
Q

Mastoidectomies are useful in _________ and the removal of______. This operation is also useful in exposing the _______ and in certain approaches to the ___________.

A
  • eradicating chronic infections of the ear
  • cholesteatomas
  • facial nerve
  • inner ear structures