Test 1, Perception

Question 1

Spectral colors:

Answer 1

a color comprised of a single wavelength

Question 2

Non-spectral colors:

Answer 2

a color comprised of more than one wavelength

Question 3

Hue:

Answer 3

variations described by names such as red, purple, blue, orange, etc.

Question 4

Saturation:

Answer 4

apparent purity, vividness, or richness

Question 5

Two theories help explain human color perception

Answer 5

Trichromatic theory

Opponent process theory

Question 6

Trichomatic Theory

Answer 6

Theory proposes there are 3 types of photoreceptors, corresponding to blue, green, and red, that determine our color perception
Supported by the fact that there are 3 types of cones in the retina

Question 7

Opponent process theory

Answer 7

Suggests that color perception is controlled by the activity of two opponent systems: blue-yellow and red-green
In these systems, only one color can be signaled at a time
Ex. Red light will increase their firing rates and green light will decrease it, staring at red, then looking away we see green.

Question 8

Short wavelength (blue) receptors

Answer 8

Photopigment: cyanolabe

Question 9

Medium wavelength (green)

Answer 9

Photopigment: chlorolabe

Question 10

Long wavelength (red)

Answer 10

Photopigment: erythrolabe

Question 11

Dichromatic vision:

Answer 11

missing one photopigment

Question 12

Protanopia:

Answer 12

the long wavelength (red) cones do not contain the erythrolabe

Question 13

Deutanopia:

Answer 13

the medium wavelength (green) cones do not contain chlorolabe

Question 14

Contrast Sensitivity

Answer 14

Represents the ability of the visual system to distinguish bright and dim components of a static image
A function of both the contrast and the spatial frequency of what is being viewed
E.g. being able to read light gray letters on a dark gray background; night driving

Question 15

Perceptual Organization

Answer 15

The process by which we apprehend particular relationships among potentially separate stimulus elements (e.g., parts, features, dimensions)
The world we perceive is constructed by cues such as similarities and differences of color

Question 16

Gestalt means

Answer 16

“essence or shape of an entity’s complete form”

Question 17

Proximity:

Answer 17

elements close together are perceived as a group

Question 18

Similarity:

Answer 18

similar elements (in terms of color, form, or orientation) are perceived together

Question 19

Continuity:

Answer 19

points connected in straight or smoothly curving lines are perceived together

Question 20

Closure:

Answer 20

open curves are perceived as complete forms

Question 21

Common fate:

Answer 21

elements moving in the same direction at the same speed are perceived as together

Question 22

Accomodation:

Answer 22

automatic adjustments of the lens that maintain a focused image on the retina

Question 23

Vergence:

Answer 23

degree to which the eyes are turned inward to maintain fixation on an object

Question 24

Interposition:

Answer 24

nearer objects will block the view of more distant objects if they are in the same line of vision

Question 25

Perspective:

Answer 25

angles such as when you know something is rectangular but it appears trapezoidal

Question 26

Motion Parallax:

Answer 26

apparent displacement or difference in position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight

Question 27

Binocular disparity:

Answer 27

each eye receives a slightly different image of the world because of the eye’s location

Question 28

Object motion:

Answer 28

external object is moving

With a single stimulus moving in a stationary background, we can detect movement as slow as 0.5mm per second

Question 29

Induced motion:

Answer 29

a stationary background causes movement to be attributed to the wrong part of a scene
After staring at a waterfall, other objects appear to be moving up

Question 30

Apparent motion:

Answer 30

discrete jumps of retinal images can produce the appearance of smooth motion

Ex. Television frames are perceived as smooth motion

Question 31

Integral dimensions:

Answer 31

cannot specify a value on one feature dimension without specifying the value on the other dimension
Ex. The stretching or bending of an object

Question 32

Separable dimensions:

Answer 32

dimensional combinations that exist independently of one another
Ex. The color and form of an object

Question 33

Configural dimension:

Answer 33

dimensions that interact to create new features. These new features can interact or interfere with the pattern recognition

Question 34

Expectancies:

Answer 34

perception of the object is induced by context