test 1 key terms Flashcards
catholic reformation
reponse to the protestant reformation and internal pressures within the catholic church at the time. pushing for reform in the church rectification of the image of corruption within bishops and popes. the jesuits were also founded during the reformation.
two spheres theory
there was a sphere of water and a sphere of earth. the water sat in the earth like an apple in a bucket. this was why columbus thought that he could sail his way to india, but eventually found out that he could not.
edict of nantes
comes before edict of nimes. edict by henry iv that gave religious freedom and toleration to the protestants in france. was a key turning point and ended the religious wars in france for the time being. can also be seen as the protestant reformation.
- hugenots became wealthy and were primarily the french explorers
cosmographia
German book containing geographical map, book had the knowledge on how to construct a 3D map projection of the earth. relevant to west civ bcs it made transatlantic navigation easier.
isles of antilla and hy-brasil
the fantastical myth of the islands containing wealth and prosperity, seven cities of cibola, influenced the europeans to explore the atlantic and shaped european conceptions of the new world after they arrived. thought the colombians were the antillans.
edict of nimes
louis xiii, gave the hugenots protection in exchange for their political power. showcases louis xiii consolidation of power.
thirty years war
war that was fought by many nations in europe. after the war ended, most countries in europe were ravaged except england and france and changed the balance of power in europe. divided the holy roman empire into lutheran and catholic states. one of the deadliest conflicts in history.
padron real
a spanish master map that was used on all spanish ships that helped establish spain as the maritime empire that it eventually became. it increased their global reach and connected the new world and europe (SPAIN)
doctrine of the real presence
god’s presence was in the water and the wine, but the bread and the wine was not his literal flesh and blood. doctrine of transubstantiation. important because it shows how ideas and philosophies of the scientific revolution influence religious disputes and changes in europe.
second defenestration of prague
threw someone out the window and immediately led to the breakout of the thirty years’ war and changed the power dynamics in europe. the reason that they defenestrated them was because they were catholic and were not allowing freedom of religion towards the protestants in Bohemia.
frondes
aristocratic rebellion and challenged the authority of the crown both politically and judicially, was a civil war. shaped louis xiv governing style and made him more absolutist.
oliver cromwell
leader of the rebellion against King Charles I and was named Lord Protector over England. He established a Puritan and constitutional government, which paved the way for England’s constitutional monarchy when Charles II was reinstated.
crisis of the seventeenth century
political, social, and economic turmoil following the little ice age. had the 30 years war in it too and a bunch of bloodshed. important bcs it led the europeans to seek a stable government at all costs, even tyranny, as long as there wasn’t chaos again.
mappaemunde
name of a type of map, was a prominent map in europe. used the old testament to divide the world into 3 different quadrants: the three sons of noah (ham, shem, japheth). which was Asia, Africa, and Europe. showed the contrast between the medieval episteme and the modern episteme. and fantastical depictions
epicycles
ptolemy said the planets moved in epicycles. the explanation of why the planets seemed to suddenly reverse. it was an illusion, but the planets seemed to drift east. shows the increasing complexity of the ptolemic system that caused some to question geocentrism.
