final key terms Flashcards
Hanseatic League
trade organization that had the power to declare economic war on other trade organizations. the organization was formed through traders that binded together to trade and had similar interests and origins. They would gain increasing power as they worked together. This would connect the Europeans together with the Mediterranean and became one of the first trade routes in western civilization, and incredibly important. however, only some people in the league had actual control over the individual trading relationships.
liege homage
liege homage was a pledge from one person to another that gave the utmost power to that person and swore loyalty to them. this would cause different vassals to swear loyalty to different lords, which helped bring the general society more together
Plague of Justinian
Incredibly deadly disease that took place under the reign of Emperor Justinian. Cause was because Byzantium imported their grain, which aided the disease in its spread because their crops failed. It was the first known account of the bubonic plague in western civilization, and it also wiped out around a third of the population.
Lombards
They originated from Sweden before moving to Scandinavia and were split into five clans. They fought against the Romans and took over pockets of the Italian peninsula and asserted their rule over the Italian people, having no respect for the culture of the land and killed many of the Italians.
- They actually ended Emperor Justinian’s hope and vision of unifying the Roman Empire.
- scared the shit out of the pope asked for help from Charlemagne
- Charlemagne (pope leo crowned him the roman emperor) PADERBORN CROWNING OF CHARLEMAGNE
Cluniac Reform
These reforms wanted to bring back the older and traditional monastic lifestyle and piety. Also fought to not have the lands of the church clumped in with the feudal system and the Pope and leaders, and since it was not a part of them, it was higher up on the hierarchy than the rest. Lords had to give up some of their power back to the church. It was started by St. Odo.
- Separation of church and the state
Law of the Twelve Tables
The first written Roman laws that set the stage for the following laws. These laws would help and mitigate clashes. Because of this, it would set the stage for later Roman life, as they had a set foundation already set up.
Carthadash
Basically means Carthage in Phoenician.
Hasmonean Dynasty
Roman puppet government that was in Israel. The emperor followed the Romans’ decrees They built a tower overlooking the Holy of Holys. Blatant disrespect towards the Jewish people. The Jewish rebellions paved the way for Jesus’ birth and rise.
military reforms of the Gracchi Brothers
same thing as the gracchi brothers
Jacob van Artevalde
He made the loophole in Ghent, he declared that there was the tie to the French throne, was Flemish
Angevine Kings
Henry II and his sons controlled the Duchy of Normandy and Aquitaine. Led to conflict with Louis VII of France because Henry II wanted to expand, causing that conflict. And Philip II
Terre Outremer
The French name for the Crusader States
Latin East
The Crusades increased the scope of trade and the economy and weakened the nobility and gave more power to the merchants, such as the Italian merchants, which contributed to the rise of the Italian Renaissance.
Ghent
Trade and port city. Liked the English because of the trade relations. They rebelled against the French in the Flemish Revolt. Couldn’t support English because of liege homage and was bound to the French instead. Edward III claimed ties to the French throne, which meant that he found a loophole where they could support the English instead.
Synoptic Gospels
Matthew, Mark, and Luke, called synoptic bcs they all refer back to one another. Those books created a more communal identity that Christianity was built upon.
The Great Famine
Robert the Bruce wanted the Irish people to revolt against the English, but they were in the middle of the famine that killed millions of people. Caused Europe to be more violent, as more people turned to crime in order to survive. Caused people to distrust the government and changed the way war was conducted
vassalage
When vassals swear loyalty and fealty to their lord and offers their complete allegiance, including their standing army as well as any supplies they may possess in return for protection and land. This would help extend the lifespan of feudalism and had a significant social hierarchy.
Theme System !!!
Political military subdivisions in Byzantium under Hereclius. Subdivided into themes and had a more efficient military administration instead of hiring foreign mercenaries, which came with a bout of issues and problems. farmers got land if they joined.
Investiture Controversy
The pope and the Holy Roman Emperor fought over who had the right to appoint bishops. This happened right after the Western Schism. Cluniac Reform, where the Pope believed that the separation of the church and state allowed him to appoint bishops, and eventually set the stage for the Crusades
