Test 1: Communication

Question 1

What are the two methods of how cells conduct and process information?

Answer 1

• Binary (on/off)

- Analogue (Continuous, graded, degree)

Question 2

What determines RMP?

Answer 2

Differing permeability

• K+
• Na+
• Cl-
• Organic anions (A-)

Question 3

What are the driving forces of RMP?

Answer 3

• Concentration gradient (diffusion)

- Electrical gradient (opposites attract-likes repel)

Question 4

Do diffusion and electrical gradient use energy?

Answer 4

No, they are passive forces

Question 5

Na+/K+ pump

Answer 5

Spits out 3 Na+, brings in 2 K+

Question 6

Draw an action potential

Answer 6

Draw

Question 7

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 7

Depolarizaiton moving down an axon through myelin sheath to nodes of ranvier.

Question 8

How is an electrical AP converted to a chemical message?

Answer 8

AP causes Ca2+ channels to open. This causes vesicles of NTs to fuse with the cell membrane and release NT into synaptic cleft

Question 9

How is a chemical message converted to an electrical message?

Answer 9

NT binds to receptor. Opens ion channels. Ions flow in and either cause depolarization or hyperpolarization

Question 10

IPSP and EPSP

Answer 10

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential

Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential

Question 11

Ion channel that results in an EPSP when opened

Answer 11

Na+

Question 12

Ion channel that results in an IPSP when opened

Answer 12

K+ and Cl-

Question 13

Termination of Synaptic Transmission

Answer 13

• Ion channel inactivation
• Enzymatic decay of NT
• Reuptake of NT
• Uptake (by extra-neuronal cells)
• Endocytic internalization of the receptor
• Activation of autoreceptors on presynaptic membrane inhibiting synaptic vesicle exocytosis