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Social Problems > Test 1 (Chp. 1-5) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chp. 1-5) Flashcards

1
Q

Child Abuse

A
  • physical or mental injury
  • sexual abuse
  • negligent treatment
  • or maltreatment of

a child younger than age 18

by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare

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2
Q

Cycle of Abuse

A

pattern of abuse

in which a violent or abusive episode is

followed by a makeup period

when the abuser expresses sorrow and

asks for forgiveness and “one more chance”

before another instance of abuse occurs

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3
Q

Domestic Partnership

A

a status that some states, counties, cities, and workplaces

grant to unmarried couples

including gay and lesbian couples

which conveys various rights and responsibilities

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4
Q

Elder Abuse

A
  • the physical or psychological abuse
  • financial exploitation
  • or medical abuse or neglect

of the elderly

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5
Q

Family

A

a kinship system

of all relatives living together or recognized as a social unit

including adopted people

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6
Q

Intimate Partner Violence (IVP)

A

actual or threatened violent crimes

committed against individuals

by their

  • current or former spouses
  • cohabiting partners
  • boyfriends or
  • girlfriends
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7
Q

Neglect

A

form of abuse

involving the failure to provide:

  • adequate attention
  • supervision
  • nutrition
  • hygiene
  • health care
  • and a safe and clean living environment

for a minor child or

dependent elderly individual

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8
Q

Monogamy

A

marriage between 2 partners

the only legal form of marriage of the U.S

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9
Q

Polygamy

A

a form of marriage

in which

one person may have 2 or more spouses

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10
Q

Patriarchy

A

a male-dominated family system

that is reflected in

the tradition of wives taking their husband’s last name and

children taking their father’s last name

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11
Q

Crime

A

an act, or the omission of an act,

that is a violation of a federal, state, or local criminal law

for which the state can apply sanctions

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12
Q

Crime Rate

A

the number of crimes committed per 100,000 population

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13
Q

Organized Crime

A

criminal activity

conducted by members of a hierarchically arranged structure

devoted to primarily to making money through illegal means

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14
Q

Parole

A

entails release from prison,

for a specific time period and subject to certain conditions,

before the inmate’s sentence is finished

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15
Q

Probation

A

conditional release of an offender who,

for a specific time period and subject to certain conditions,

remains under court supervision in the community

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16
Q

Victimless Crime

A

illegal activities that have no complaining participant(s)

and are often thought of as crimes against morality, such prostitution

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17
Q

White-Collar Crime

A

includes both:

occupational crime, in which individuals commit crimes in the course of their employment

and

corporate crime, in which corporations violate the law in the interest of maximizing profit

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18
Q

Binge Drinking

A

as defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,

drinking 5 or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days

prior to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health

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19
Q

Crack

A

crystallized illegal drug product

produced by boiling a mixture of

  • baking soda
  • water
  • cocaine
20
Q

Decriminalization

A

entails removing state penalties for certain drugs

promotes a medical rather than criminal approach to drug use that

encourages users to:

  • seek treatment and
  • adopt preventive practices
21
Q

Drug *get his definition*

A

any substance other than food that

alters the structure or functioning of a living organism

when it enters the bloodstream

SOCIOLOGICAL DEFINTION:

substance that has a direct effect on social, psychological, etc. well-being

can be abused

can cause adverse consequences for the individual and society

22
Q

Drug Abuse

A

the violation of social standards of acceptable drug use

resulting in adverse:

  • physiological
  • psychological
  • and/or social consequences
23
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

characterized by:

serious physical and mental handicaps

as a result of maternal drinking during pregnancy

24
Q

Gateway Drug

A

a drug that is believed to lead to the use of other drugs

25
Q

Legalization

A

making prohibited behaviors legal

for example, legalizing drug use or prostitution

26
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

removal of individuals with psychiatric disorders

from mental hospitals and large residential institutions

to outpatient community mental health care centers

27
Q

Health *get his definition

A

according to the World Health Organization,

“a state of complete

  • physical,
  • mental,
  • and social well-being”
28
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

the number of deaths

of live-born infants under 1 year of age

per 1,000 live births in any given year

  • important way to to measure the health of a population
  • most significant number which tells about a society’s health
  • indicative of the country’s health care
29
Q

Life Expectancy

A

the average number of year

that individuals born in a given year

can expect to live

30
Q

Medicalization

A

defining or labeling

behaviors and conditions

as medical problems

31
Q

Mental Health

A

the successful performance of mental function,

resulting in:

  • productive activities,
  • fulfilling relationships with other people,
  • and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity
32
Q

What is the difference between

Morbidity and Mortality?

A

Morbidity - illnesses, symptoms, and the impairments they produce

Mortality - death

33
Q

Universal Health Care

A

a system of health care,

typically financed by the government,

that ensures health care coverage for all citizens

34
Q

Alienation

A

a sense of

  • powerlessness and
  • meaninglessness

in people’s lives

35
Q

Anomie

A

a state of normlessness in which

norms and values are

weak or unclear

36
Q

Latent Function

A

consequences that are

unintended and often hidden

example:

37
Q

Manifest Function

A

consequences that are

intended and

commonly recognized

example:

38
Q

Norms

A

socially defined rules of behavior, including folkways, laws, and mores

Folkways - customs and manners of society

Laws - norms that are formalized and backed up by political authority

Mores - norms with a moral basis; violations may produce:

  • shock
  • horror and
  • moral indignation
39
Q

Sanction

A

social consequences

for conforming to or violating norms

40
Q

Social Group

A

2 or more people who

have a common identity, interact, and form a social relationship

41
Q

Sociological Imagination

A

the ability to see the connections between our personal lives and the social world in which we live

42
Q

Survey Research

A

a research method that involves

eliciting information from respondents

through questions

43
Q

Variable

A

any measurable event, characteristic, of property that varies or is subject to change

44
Q

~Social Problem

A

a social condition that a segment of society views as harmful to members of society and in need of remedy

45
Q

~Structural Functionalism

A

Society:

  • set of interrelated parts
  • cultural consensus exists and leads to social order
  • natural state of society
  • balance and harmony

Individuals:

  • socialized by society’s institutions
  • socialization is a process by which social control is exerted
  • people need society and it’s institutions

Cause of Social Problems:

  • rapid social change
  • social disorganization that disrupts the harmony and balance
  • inadequate socialization and/or weak institutions

Social Policy/Solutions:

  • repair weak institutions
  • assure proper socialization
  • cultivate a strong collective sense of right and wrong
46
Q

~Conflict Theory

A

Society:

  • marked by power struggles over scarce resources
  • inequities result in conflict
  • social change is inevitable
  • natural state of society
  • imbalance

Individuals:

  • people are inherently good but are corrupted by society and its economic structure
  • institutions are controlled by groups with power
  • “order” is part of illusion

Cause of Social Problems:

  • inequality
  • the dominance of groups of people over other groups of people
  • oppression and exploitation
  • competition between groups

Social Policy/Solutions:

  • minimize competition
  • create an equitable system for the distribution of resources
47
Q

~Symbolic Interactionism

A

Society:

network of interlocking roles

social order is constructed through interaction as individuals, through shared meaning, making sense of their social world

Individuals:

humans are interpretive and interactive

they are constantly chanigng as their “social beings” emerge and are molded by chaning circumstances

Cause of Social Problems:

different interpretation of roles

labeling of individuals, groups or behaviors as deviant

definition of objective condition as a social problem

Social Policy/Solutions:

reduce impact of labeling and associated stigmatization

alter definitions of what is defined as a social problem

Social Problems (3 decks)

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