Test #1 - Chapter 2

Question 1

Scientific study of matter.

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

Anything that occupies space that has mass.

Answer 2

Matter

Question 3

Individual elements combine to form this.

Answer 3

Compounds

Question 4

Number of protons in an element.

Answer 4

Atomic Number

Question 5

Corresponds to the number of protons plus neutrons.

Answer 5

Atomic Weight

Question 6

Name the four most commonly seen elements.

Answer 6

Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen

Question 7

Have positive charge.
Located in nucleus.
The number of these determines the chemical element.

Answer 7

Protons

Question 8

Have no charge.
Located in nucleus.
The number of these determines the isotope.

Answer 8

Neutron

Question 9

Have negative charge.
Orbits nucleus at high speeds.
The number of these determines an atoms ion state and chemical reactivity.

Answer 9

Electron

Question 10

Variations of an element that differ in their neutron number.

Answer 10

Isotope

Question 11

Charged atoms.

Answer 11

Ions

Question 12

Involve the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.

Answer 12

Ionic Bonds

Question 13

Involve the sharing of one or more electrons between atoms.

Answer 13

Covalent Bonds

Question 14

Covalent bonds with equal sharing of electrons.

Answer 14

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

Question 15

Covalent bonds with unequal sharing of electrons.

Answer 15

Polar Covalent Bonds

Question 16

The weak attractions between polar molecules.

Answer 16

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 17

The tendency of molecules to stick together.

Answer 17

Cohesion

Question 18

A solution that contains a substance dissolved in water.

Answer 18

Aqueous Solution

Question 19

Have a pH between 0 - 7

Answer 19

Acids

Question 20

Have a pH between 7 - 14

Answer 20

Bases

Question 21

Chemicals that minimize changes in pH by accepting H+ ions.

Answer 21

Buffers

Question 22

Molecules that contain carbon bonded to other elements.

Answer 22

Organic Compounds

Question 23

Sets of atoms that are attached to the carbon skeleton.

Answer 23

Functional Groups

Question 24

What are the four classes of organic molecules that are important to life?

Answer 24

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 25

Large molecules with complex structure.

Answer 25

Macromolecules

Question 26

Molecules created by joining together smaller molecules called monomers.

Answer 26

Polymers

Question 27

Adds a molecule of water and breaks down bonds between monomers.

Answer 27

Hydrolysis

Question 28

Links two monomers together and removes a molecule of water.

Answer 28

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

Question 29

A common source of dietary energy for animals and important building blocks of plants.

Answer 29

Carbohydrates

Question 30

Simple sugars are also called this.

Answer 30

Monosaccharides

Question 31

Diverse group of organic compounds.
“Fats”
Hydrophobic

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

Cell membranes are made by stacking two layers of a molecule called.

Answer 32

Phospholipid

Question 33

Synthetic variants of testosterone.

Answer 33

Anabolic Steroids

Question 34

Triglycerides that have no double bonds in their carbon/hydrogen chains.

Answer 34

Saturated Fats

Question 35

Triglycerides that have double bonds in their carbon/hydrogen chains.

Answer 35

Unsaturated Fats

Question 36

The sum of all the chemical reactions in an organisms.

Answer 36

Metabolism

Question 37

A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed itself.

Answer 37

Enzyme