Test 1 (CH1-2) Flashcards
Robert Hooke
Drawings of microorganisms & blueprint of microscope
Leeuwenhoek
Built microscope that can magnify 50-300 times
Spontaneous generation
claims that living organism can develop from non living
Pasteur’s data showed ….?
that spontaneous generation theory is wrong
Germ theory disease
the claim that microorganisms cause diseases
Who published the book Micrographia?
Robert Hooke
Pasteur showed that yeast and bacteria produce specific metabolic products such as alcohols & organic acids by ….?
Fermentaion
Joseph Lister is best known for….?
Antiseptics
What are antiseptics
A substance that stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms which is discovered by Joseph Lister
Koch Postulate is important by …. ?
determining a causal relationships between microorganisms & a specific disease
Pasteur showed that even cultures that are open to cair can remain sterile by using
Swan-neck flask (long tube)
Koch Postulates cannot always be applied since _____; therefore, microbiologist use______?
not everything can be grown inside a culture , & they use molecular and genetic evidence
Pasteur siccessfully attempted vaccination of a boy suffering from___?
rabies
Louis Pasteur made contribution to what fields of microbiology
Food & dairy microbiology, and medical microbiology
Characteristics of many types of dyes to strain microorganism
able to bind cells by ionic, covalent, or hydrophobic bond. & and they have chromophore groups
Methylene blue, crystal violet and safranin are examples of which type of dye? (basic/ acidic)
Basic
Basic & acidic dyes bind cells by what type of bond?
ionic
Chromophore groups
chemical moieties that are present in many types of dyes to stain microorganism. Chromophore groups contains conjugated double bond that gives dye its color
What type of staining is the background stained but not the cells
Negative type
The ___ stain was developed by ____ in ____.
Gram; Christian Gram: 1884
Gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria is an example of
differential staining
india ink and nigrosin are both _____
negative or capsule
Gram strain step (crystal violet)
cells stain purple
Gram stain steps (iodine)
cell remain purple
Gram stain step (alcohol)
gram-positive cells remain purple, and gram-negative cells become colorless
Gram stain step (safranin)
Gram-positive remains purple, and gram-negative cells appear red
type of staining when the background is stained but not the cells
Negative staining
Acid-fast organism have lipids constructed of _____ acid in their cell wall
Mycolic
What is the network usually made of polysaccharides, that surrounds many bacteria and some fungi?
Capsule
Mycobacterium tubercolosis requires what type of staining?
Acid fast staining
visualization of the capsule on a bacterial cell requires a differential stain because _____
stains and dyes dont bind to polysaccharide around the capsule
Capsules around the bacteria are usually composed of_____?
polysaccharides
Acid-fast organism have lipids constructed of ______ acid inter cell wall
Mycolic acid
What are long slender structures of locomotion found on some bacteria?
some bacteria have FLAGELLA to move around
What type (transmission or scanning) of microscope works by radiation passing through a specimen
Transmission
Scanning electron microscope works by_______?
producing image from electrons released around object’s image
