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1- PolSci 1200: Government > Test 1 Ch 1-3 > Flashcards

Test 1 Ch 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are we all small ‘l’ liberals?

A

We believe in limited government, individual rights

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2
Q

How are we all small ‘d’ democrats?

A

We believe in representative government with citizen participation and basic freedoms

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3
Q

What happened in the Armenian Genocide?

A

Occured in 1915
Regarded as the first “genocide” of the 20th century
1.5 million killed by deporting to killing fields

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4
Q

Who recognizes the Armenian genocide and why?

A

While most European countries recognize the Armenian genocide, the Turkish government denies it (it is a crime to mention). The US congress has not officially recognized the genocide either, Turkey is a NATO ally and cooperates with the US.

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5
Q

Why is the Armenian genocide significant for this class?

A

First time a government said it would hold another government accountable. Governments of UK, France, Russia all sent a diplomatic note to turkish officials saying they would hold turkey accountable.

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6
Q

Why would a government be considered “free” before the Armenian genocide?

A

Governments operated under the National Sovereign Doctrine, wherein governments were not held accountable for their actions. The National Sovereign Doctrine is no longer valid, we would now put these people on trial

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7
Q

What is significant about the aftermath of the Holocaust?

A

first time international committee was formed to put members of a government on trial

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8
Q

Cambodian genocide

A

1975, killed ⅓ to ½ of their own people

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9
Q

Rwanda Genocide

A

1990s, trails were conducted of those officials

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10
Q

Define Universal Jurisdiction

A

every government had a right to prosecute war crimes even if that crime didn’t happen in that country
not as important now as there is an international crime court
Ex: Henry Kissinger might be arrested for war crimes by a france judge

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11
Q

What was the US’s involvement in the anti ABM treaty?

A

ABM: anti ballistic missiles, the treaty was intended for mutually assured destruction (ballistic missiles were developed that made defense of cities from nukes possible)
US unsigned

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12
Q

What are the four different ideas describing who governs?

A

Elite Model, Pluralism, Bureaucratic, Marxist

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13
Q

Describe the Elite Model of government

A

Popularized in the 1950s with the book “the power elite” C Wright Mills
American Elites numbering in the thousand form self perpetuating groups (attend the that control ownerships of major corporations (presidents tend to attend the same schools, be from the same denominations).
Ideas and policies are said to be shaped from the top (elite) down. The own media, corporations, and control “think tanks” (policy planning groups)

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14
Q

Describe the Pluralistic model of government

A

Gets the most attention by political scientists
In some ways a “takeoff” of elitism (pluralism meaning many elites)
There is no single group, there are people with wealth and influence but there are many elites
Many interest groups with varying power. Competition between them determines public policy

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15
Q

Give examples of interest groups

A 
Retail
Dairy
Abortion
Labor Unions
Chamber of Commerce
NRA
MADD
AARP
NAACP
Amer Med Assn
Amer Dental Assn
Drug industry
etc
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16
Q

Describe the Bureaucratic model of government

A

Those who hold executive positions and are employed in government play a role in government (not talking about elected officials, talking specifically about employees who remain in their jobs when a new president takes office)

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17
Q

Give historical examples that support the theory of Bureaucratic model of government

A

Kennedy in 1961 wanted missiles out of turkey. In 1962 the order had not been carried out. Career diplomats disregarded the order due to worries about Turkey relations.
This causes the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Kennedy said “nothing unless I ordered it” (militarily).
A soviet submarine came too close to an american destroyer around a blockade of cuba, the destroyer fired depth charges.
Kennedy didn’t know anything about this

Federal government wanted speed limits to be 55, eventually this was relaxed.
Many career employees did not favor this but they could not stop it. However, they could slow it down since they were in charge of replacing the signs

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18
Q

Describe the Marxist model of government

A 
Class conflict between the working class and the ruling class. The working class (proletariat) would eventually overthrow the ruling class (bourgeoisie) and create a dictatorship of the proletariat. Government would eventually wither away after the dictatorship was established, and people would live in a Utopia.
In reality the dictatorship would not wither away, and would be brutal (Soviet Union, People’s Republic of China)
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19
Q

Define State of Nature. Who wrote about it and what were their beliefs?

A

State of nature is the absence of government, police, etc
According to Hobbes, the state of nature is dangerous
According to Locke, it isn’t so bad
It is why we should subscribe to a social contract

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20
Q

Define Social contract and the theory behind it

A

Hobbes and many other theorists based their idea on social contract

Transfer all political rights to the king in order to gain security
It would be irrational for the king to harm those that are inside the new political structure

ability to lead private life as you see fit

theme of order

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21
Q

Describe how you would be released from a social contract

A

If the king comes after you (Ex: for violation of a rule) that would break the social contract

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22
Q

What book did Hobbes write? What was the idea behind that book?

A

Leviathan.
Citizens would give their freedom over to an all powerful sovereign who wields absolute authority. This would avoid people having to live in a State of Nature

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23
Q

What was the primary purpose of government according to Hobbes?

A

The primary purpose of government is to ensure survival

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24
Q

What book did John Locke write? What was the idea behind that book?

A

Two Treatises on Government
Locke believed that humans were basically good, a state of nature is therefore not bad, because life isn’t constantly bad/violent
People would want to leave a state of nature because of property and trade

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25
Q

What was the primary purpose of government according to John Locke?

A

The primary purpose of government is to protect property

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26
Q

What were the values of government according to our forefathers?

A

“life, liberty, pursuit of happiness” -> Life, freedom, property

This theory of government is very libertarian

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27
Q

Describe the theory of public goods.

A

The government should provide for things needed by people but too expensive for private citizens to provide

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28
Q

Give examples of public goods

A

Cumberland trial by James Monroe
At the time he wasn’t sure he had the authority to do that

Interstate highway by Eisenhower

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29
Q

What is the alternate theory to public goods?

A

Privatization

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30
Q

Describe Privatization

A

Selling off to companies with the assumption that they can do the job better
Operated for profit
Possible flaws with that

31
Q

Give some examples of privatization and the flaws with them

A 
Prison system
(he showed website with ads for products for prisoners)
Flaws
-We want people OUT of prisons
-Repeat offenses high
-Running a prison to make money could be harsh
	No AC
-Shouldn’t citizens have a say?

Possible for interstate?

Possible for social security?
Government’s do not have to make a profit

32
Q

PAYGO

A

social security is set up “pay as you go”
- taxes that go into social security now pay for current social security
- Privatizing social security would therefore require more money
- From taxpayers or (more likely) more borrowing
Individual social security accts
18-50
Would require $25
Privatized military
Mercenaries/security firms

33
Q

Simply define majoritarianism

A

giving more political power to the hands of the public

34
Q

What are the three majoritarian political actions?

A

Initiative, referendum, recall

35
Q

Initiative

A

Initiative = petitions circulated
St. Louis county thing
Put on ballot if enough signatures were gathered
Proposed statutes or constitutional amendments
Takes money to have initiatives on the ballot

36
Q

Referendum

A

State legislature says “we don’t want to deal w. this issue (bc too constitutional) and pass it off to voter

37
Q

Recall

A

A recall election is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official’s term has ended.

California- Arnold

38
Q

Where are town hall meetings still held?

A

New England

39
Q

Describe Ross Perot

A

independent presidential candidate 92, 96
received highest percentage of vote of any independent (19% ‘92, 9% ‘96)
Meant Bill Clinton was never elected with a majority
49% in ‘96
43% in ‘92
Called for electronic town hall meeting
Vote via touch-tone telephone (landline)

40
Q

How are we not a pure “democracy”?

A

We are a republic (Representative Democracy)

41
Q

How would we theoretically remove the electoral college?

A

We would have to amend the constitution (⅔ votes both houses of congress, ¾ of the states ratifying) to remove the electoral college

42
Q

When was the only year from only one time from ‘92 - ‘16 where republicans won the popular vote?

A

2004

43
Q

Describe the great britain constitution

A

unwritten, collection of documents here and there, works through tradition

44
Q

Know arguments for electoral college vs arguments against

A

-

45
Q

What are the concepts that identify the values pursued by governments?

A

Freedom, Order, and Equality

46
Q

What are the concepts that describe models of democratic government?

A

Majoritarian democracy, Pluralist democracy

47
Q

Differentiate between the original dilemma of government and the modern dilemma

A

The original dilemma of government was freedom vs order, the modern dilemma of government is freedom vs equality

48
Q

How did Ben Franklin realize he wasn’t British?

A

Members of the British Parliament are questioning a commonly dressed Ben Franklin. Franklin went to London thinking he was just going to answer a few questions and realises that he is not british, not part of the political power. He realizes there is a need to break off from the british government. Ben Franklin was very important to the revolution, so this is a critical moment to the revolutionary struggle.

49
Q

Who was the mind behind the Declaration of Independence? Who was the writer?

A

John Adams (2nd pres) was the mind, Jefferson was the writer.

50
Q

Describe the Sons of Liberty

A

group that destroyed taxed items and forced the official stamp distributors to resign

51
Q

Describe the Daughters of Liberty

A

encouraged the elimination of British goods (cloth, tea, food) from colonial markets, created colonial tea and cloth
Example of how women were involved in revolutionary struggle

52
Q

How did the revolutionary war affect Colonial communities?

A

Ripped families and communities apart
William and Benjamin Franklin were very close, after the war started they saw each other only one more time. (William favored the British)

53
Q

What percent of colonists remained loyal to britain? What happened to them after the war?

A

20%. Most settled in Canada after the war

54
Q

What was the first constitutional document?

A

Articles of Confederation

55
Q

Describe the Articles of Confederation

A

Very weak
Couldn’t inforce
States were at war over territory
No concept of “United States”
Established “League of Friendship”, not a nation
Provided for a presiding officer
Not much was accomplished, government was dependent on money from the states

56
Q

Who was the first presiding officer under the Articles of Confederation? What did he accomplish?

A

John Hanson (argued to be first US president by some)
Established very small “military”
Best known for establishing Thanksgiving

57
Q

Describe Shays rebellion

A

The New government did not walk away from their debt to great britain, and imposed heavy taxes in order to pay.
Farmers in west massachusetts were losing their farms to this debt. They rose up in powerful rebellion. Took a great deal of effort to put down revolt.
Emphasized the need for a strong central government

58
Q

What happened in 1787 as a result of a need for stronger government?

A

Philadelphia Constitutional convention

59
Q

What was the purpose of the Philadelphia Constitutional convention?

A

To revise the articles of confederation. Instead delegates rewrote the whole thing

60
Q

What was the key division of the Philadelphia constitutional convention?

A

Representation in the new congress

61
Q

Describe the Virginia Plan

A

Based representation in congress on population

62
Q

Describe the New Jersey Plan

A

Each state had one vote regardless of size

63
Q

Describe the Great Compromise

A

Connecticut Compromise, House of Representatives was established based on population with members serving two year terms.
The Senate was set up based on the new jersey plan, each state had two senators serving six year terms. Elections for Senate were staggered (⅓ every 2 years). Senate was made to be slow in producing change.

64
Q

Describe the 3/5ths compromise

A

Greatest Compromise, Solution to the Slavery

Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person

65
Q

Describe the suggestion of 3 presidents. What is the issue with this?

A

Plural Executive
One president for North, One with Central, One with South
The government would likely not stay together

66
Q

Why would a constitutional convention be a bad thing now?

A

Everything in the constitution would be up for consideration

67
Q

Supermajority

A

Certain things cannot be enacted on a simple majority vote in the US
Do not have this in Britain, major decisions can be passed by a 51% vote

68
Q

Describe the parliamentary system of government in Great Britain

A

Political Parties are more important than candidates
Prime Minister must be a member of parliament
British voters do not directly vote for their prime minister, they vote indirectly for their districts. If Theresa May is defeated in her area she would not be eligible.
Prime Minister is head of gov.
Head of State (Queen) occupies a ceremonial role that is meant to unify the country

69
Q

Describe the Responsible Party Model

A

More like a parliament
Product of a group of political scientists, APSA developed in 1950
Clear distinctions between each party, elections for the party rather than a candidate.
If that party wins they have complete control of the government- they are a responsible party
Would allow more things to get done
Implemented only in the sense that our political parties have become very distinct

70
Q

What were the terms for people who favored/opposed ratification?

A

Federalists favored ratification, they wanted a stronger central government
Anti-Federalists opposed ratification, they wanted more power in the hands of the states

71
Q

What were the federalist papers?

A

AKA “The Federalist”

Argued for ratification

72
Q

How many states needed to approve the constitution for it to go into effect? What was needed for this to happen?

A

9 States needed to approve. They did so only with a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution

73
Q

How many amendments were proposed for the Bill of Rights? How many were initially included in the constitution?

A

Over 100, only 10 were put in the Bill of Right

1- PolSci 1200: Government (7 decks)

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