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Kinesiology > Test 1 Ch. 1-3 > Flashcards

Test 1 Ch. 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

The most widely used reference position used for describing joint movement is…

A

anatomical position

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2
Q

Movement in what plane rotates around the sagittal or anteroposterior axis

A

frontal

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3
Q

fibrous joints are joined together by what and are generally immovable

A

connective tissue fibers

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4
Q

this may be used to measure specific amount of possible movement in joint

A

goniometer

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5
Q

Ulnar flexion is what type of movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm?

A

adduction

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6
Q

Type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones.

A

Symphysis

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7
Q

How many types of synovial (diarthrodial) joints are there?

A

6

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8
Q

Area through which a joint may normally, freely, and painlessly move.

A

Range of motion (ROM)

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9
Q

Circumduction isa circular movement of a limb that delineates what?

A

an arc or cone

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10
Q

Movement of scapulae moving away from the spine is…

A

protraction

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11
Q

Horizontal abduction is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the ….

A

midline of the body

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12
Q

Those in health fields should teach others how to strengthen, improve, and maintain muscles, bones and joints if…

A

it’s within their scope of practice

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13
Q

structural kinesiology is the…..as they are involved in the science of movement.

A

study of muscles, bones, and joints

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14
Q

Muscles work in groups and ….

A

in paired opposition

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15
Q

As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an….that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane

A

axis of rotation

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16
Q

Flexion of the arm occurs in what plane

A

sagittal

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17
Q

The frontal axis may also be referred to as the….

A

bilateral

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18
Q

The skeletal system is composed of two regions, the….and….

A

appendicular and axial

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19
Q

Bony landmarks are also known as…

A

surface features

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20
Q

A term pertaining, usually, to muscles that arise or originate outside (proximal to) the body part on which they act.

A

Extrinsic

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21
Q

The range of muscles-fiber length between maximal and minimal lengthening is called….

A

amplitude

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22
Q

During contraction, the Sliding Filament Theory says that….

A

a muscle shortens

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23
Q

A term pertaining, usually, to muscles that are within or belong solely to the body part on which they act.

A

Intrinsic

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24
Q

The fibrous connective tissue, often cordlike in appearance that connects muscles to bones and other structures.

A

Tendons

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25
Q

The …. reflex provided by the muscle spindle may be utilized to facilitate a greater response, as in the case of a quick, short squat before attempting a jump.

A

stretch reflex

26
Q

Regardless of the number involved, the individual muscle fibers within a given motor unit will fire and contract either maximally or not at all.

A

All or none principle

27
Q

Type of muscles that cross and act directly on only the joint that they cross.

A

Uniarticular

28
Q

The process that antagonist muscle groups must relax and lengthen when the agonist muscle group contracts is known as….

A

reciprocal innervation

29
Q

The muscle’s ability to return to its original resting length following a stretch.

A

elasticity

30
Q

The specific movement of a joint that results from a concentric contraction of a muscle that crosses the joint.

A

Action

31
Q

Type of muscle that acts on three or more joints due to the line of pull between their origin and insertion crossing multiple joints

A

Multiarticular

32
Q

The central, fleshy portion of the muscle that generally increases in diameter as the muscle contracts.

A

Gaster

33
Q

Type of dynamic exercise usually using concentric and/or eccentic muscle contractions in which the speed (or velocity) of movement is constant.

A

Isokinetics

34
Q

This proprioceptor, serially located in the tendon close to the muscle-tendon junction is continuously sensitive to both muscle tension and active contraction.

A

GTO - golgi tendon organ

35
Q

Muscles that assist in the action of agonists, but are not necessarily prime movers for the action.

A

Synergists

36
Q

Type of contraction that occurs when tension develops within the muscle, but the joint angles remain constant.

A

Isometric

37
Q

Muscles usually located on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist and have teh opposite concentric action.

A

Antagonist

38
Q

Type of muscle that cross and act directly on two different joints.

A

Biarticular

39
Q

Type of contraction that occurs when the muscle develops tension as it shortens.

A

Concentric

40
Q

The amount of matter in a body that affects the speed and acceleration in physical movements.

A

Mass

41
Q

Study of mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems.

A

Biomechanics

42
Q

Sherrington’s Law

A

Reciprocal innervations

43
Q

In the Laws of Motion, what term includes the direction and describes the rate of displacement?

A

Velocity

44
Q

The change in position or location of an object from its original point of reference.

A

Displacement

45
Q

The ability to control equilibrium is known as

A

Balance

46
Q

The study of forces associated with the motion of a body.

A

Kinetics

47
Q

The path of movement that is the actual sum length of measurement traveled.

A

Distance

48
Q

The force that results from the resistance between the surfaces of two objects moving agains one another.

A

Friction

49
Q

May be described as the resistance to action or change.

A

Inertia

50
Q

This is the product of mass times acceleration.

A

Force

51
Q

What is used to increase or multiply the applied force in performing a task or to provide a mechanical advantage.

A

Machines

52
Q

How fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.

A

Speed

53
Q

A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force; a body at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by a force.

A

Law of Inertia

54
Q

Newton’s laws of motion apply in throwing because the individual’s inertia and the ball’s inertia must be…

A

overcome by the application of force

55
Q

The Law of Reaction states

A

For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.

56
Q

In the Laws of Motion, what component includes the direction and describes the rate of displacement?

A

Velocity

57
Q

Third-class levers, with force applied between the axis and the resistance, are designed to produce speed and….

A

range of motion movements

58
Q

A typical physical example of a first-class lever is…

A

triceps in overhead elbow extension

59
Q

In baseball, hockey, golf, field hockey, and other sports, long levers similarly produce…

A

more linear force and thus better preformance

60
Q

Muscles work in groups and in ….

A

paired opposition to achieve dynamic movement

Kinesiology (8 decks)

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