Test 1 Ch. 1-3 Flashcards
The most widely used reference position used for describing joint movement is…
anatomical position
Movement in what plane rotates around the sagittal or anteroposterior axis
frontal
fibrous joints are joined together by what and are generally immovable
connective tissue fibers
this may be used to measure specific amount of possible movement in joint
goniometer
Ulnar flexion is what type of movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm?
adduction
Type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones.
Symphysis
How many types of synovial (diarthrodial) joints are there?
6
Area through which a joint may normally, freely, and painlessly move.
Range of motion (ROM)
Circumduction isa circular movement of a limb that delineates what?
an arc or cone
Movement of scapulae moving away from the spine is…
protraction
Horizontal abduction is a movement of the humerus in the horizontal plane away from the ….
midline of the body
Those in health fields should teach others how to strengthen, improve, and maintain muscles, bones and joints if…
it’s within their scope of practice
structural kinesiology is the…..as they are involved in the science of movement.
study of muscles, bones, and joints
Muscles work in groups and ….
in paired opposition
As movement occurs in a given plane, the joint moves or turns around an….that has a 90-degree relationship to that plane
axis of rotation
Flexion of the arm occurs in what plane
sagittal
The frontal axis may also be referred to as the….
bilateral
The skeletal system is composed of two regions, the….and….
appendicular and axial
Bony landmarks are also known as…
surface features
A term pertaining, usually, to muscles that arise or originate outside (proximal to) the body part on which they act.
Extrinsic
The range of muscles-fiber length between maximal and minimal lengthening is called….
amplitude
During contraction, the Sliding Filament Theory says that….
a muscle shortens
A term pertaining, usually, to muscles that are within or belong solely to the body part on which they act.
Intrinsic
The fibrous connective tissue, often cordlike in appearance that connects muscles to bones and other structures.
Tendons
The …. reflex provided by the muscle spindle may be utilized to facilitate a greater response, as in the case of a quick, short squat before attempting a jump.
stretch reflex
Regardless of the number involved, the individual muscle fibers within a given motor unit will fire and contract either maximally or not at all.
All or none principle
Type of muscles that cross and act directly on only the joint that they cross.
Uniarticular
The process that antagonist muscle groups must relax and lengthen when the agonist muscle group contracts is known as….
reciprocal innervation
The muscle’s ability to return to its original resting length following a stretch.
elasticity
The specific movement of a joint that results from a concentric contraction of a muscle that crosses the joint.
Action
Type of muscle that acts on three or more joints due to the line of pull between their origin and insertion crossing multiple joints
Multiarticular
The central, fleshy portion of the muscle that generally increases in diameter as the muscle contracts.
Gaster
Type of dynamic exercise usually using concentric and/or eccentic muscle contractions in which the speed (or velocity) of movement is constant.
Isokinetics
This proprioceptor, serially located in the tendon close to the muscle-tendon junction is continuously sensitive to both muscle tension and active contraction.
GTO - golgi tendon organ
Muscles that assist in the action of agonists, but are not necessarily prime movers for the action.
Synergists
Type of contraction that occurs when tension develops within the muscle, but the joint angles remain constant.
Isometric
Muscles usually located on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist and have teh opposite concentric action.
Antagonist
Type of muscle that cross and act directly on two different joints.
Biarticular
Type of contraction that occurs when the muscle develops tension as it shortens.
Concentric
The amount of matter in a body that affects the speed and acceleration in physical movements.
Mass
Study of mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems.
Biomechanics
Sherrington’s Law
Reciprocal innervations
In the Laws of Motion, what term includes the direction and describes the rate of displacement?
Velocity
The change in position or location of an object from its original point of reference.
Displacement
The ability to control equilibrium is known as
Balance
The study of forces associated with the motion of a body.
Kinetics
The path of movement that is the actual sum length of measurement traveled.
Distance
The force that results from the resistance between the surfaces of two objects moving agains one another.
Friction
May be described as the resistance to action or change.
Inertia
This is the product of mass times acceleration.
Force
What is used to increase or multiply the applied force in performing a task or to provide a mechanical advantage.
Machines
How fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.
Speed
A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force; a body at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by a force.
Law of Inertia
Newton’s laws of motion apply in throwing because the individual’s inertia and the ball’s inertia must be…
overcome by the application of force
The Law of Reaction states
For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
In the Laws of Motion, what component includes the direction and describes the rate of displacement?
Velocity
Third-class levers, with force applied between the axis and the resistance, are designed to produce speed and….
range of motion movements
A typical physical example of a first-class lever is…
triceps in overhead elbow extension
In baseball, hockey, golf, field hockey, and other sports, long levers similarly produce…
more linear force and thus better preformance
Muscles work in groups and in ….
paired opposition to achieve dynamic movement
