Test-1 Body regions and bones

Question 1

Axial Body regions

Answer 1

-cephalic (head)
-cervical (neck)
-trunk

Question 2

Appendicular

Answer 2

upper limbs
-shoulder, arm, forearm and manual
Lower limbs
- thigh, legs, and pedal

Question 3

Osteology

Answer 3

Adult- 206 bones ( 80 Axial & 126 appendicular )

Question 4

Skeletal functions

Answer 4

-protection of heart, lungs, brain, etc.
-supports to maintain posture
-movement by serving as points of attachments for muscle and acting as levers
- mineral storage such as calcium and phosphorus
-process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow

Question 5

Types of bones

Answer 5

-Long bones
-Short bones
-Flat bones
-Irregular bones
-Sesamoid bones

Question 6

Long bones

Answer 6

-composed of long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends
-shaft contains the medullary canal

Question 7

Examples of long bones

Answer 7

• Phalanges
  -metatarsals
  -tibia
  -fibula
  -femur
  -radius
  -ulna
  -humerus

Question 8

Short bones

Answer 8

Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface in order to articulate w/ more than one bone

Question 9

Examples of short bones

Answer 9

Carpals & Tarsals

Question 10

Flat bones

Answer 10

usually have a curved surface and vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin

Question 11

flat bones

Answer 11

-ilium
-ribs
-sternum
-clavicle
- scapula

Question 12

Irregular bones

Answer 12

include bones through the entire spine and ischium, pubis and maxilla

Question 13

sesamoid bones

Answer 13

-small bones embedded w/ tendon of a musculotendinous unit that provide protection and improve mechanical advantages of musculotendinous units

Question 14

examples of Sesamoid bones

Answer 14

• patella
  -1st metatarsophalangeal
  -1st metacarpophalangeal
  -May be bipartite or tripartite

Question 15

Bony features: Diaphysis

Answer 15

long cylindrical shaft

Question 16

Bony features: Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 16

covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect and reduce friction

Question 17

Bone growth

Answer 17

Internal layer of periosteum builds new concentric layers on old layers
* Simultaneously, bone around sides of the medullary cavity is resorbed so
that diameter is continually increased
* Osteoblasts: cells that form new bone
* Osteoclasts: cells that resorb old bone

Question 18

Wolff’s law

Answer 18

• Bone size and shape are influenced by the direction and magnitude of forces
  that are habitually applied to them
• Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses placed upon them
• Bone mass increases over time with increased stress

Question 19

Make the long bones

Answer 19

Lower body-tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, and phalanges
Upper body -the humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, and phalanges