Test-1 Body regions and bones Flashcards
Axial Body regions
-cephalic (head)
-cervical (neck)
-trunk
Appendicular
upper limbs
-shoulder, arm, forearm and manual
Lower limbs
- thigh, legs, and pedal
Osteology
Adult- 206 bones ( 80 Axial & 126 appendicular )
Skeletal functions
-protection of heart, lungs, brain, etc.
-supports to maintain posture
-movement by serving as points of attachments for muscle and acting as levers
- mineral storage such as calcium and phosphorus
-process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow
Types of bones
-Long bones
-Short bones
-Flat bones
-Irregular bones
-Sesamoid bones
Long bones
-composed of long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends
-shaft contains the medullary canal
Examples of long bones
- Phalanges
-metatarsals
-tibia
-fibula
-femur
-radius
-ulna
-humerus
Short bones
Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface in order to articulate w/ more than one bone
Examples of short bones
Carpals & Tarsals
Flat bones
usually have a curved surface and vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin
flat bones
-ilium
-ribs
-sternum
-clavicle
- scapula
Irregular bones
include bones through the entire spine and ischium, pubis and maxilla
sesamoid bones
-small bones embedded w/ tendon of a musculotendinous unit that provide protection and improve mechanical advantages of musculotendinous units
examples of Sesamoid bones
- patella
-1st metatarsophalangeal
-1st metacarpophalangeal
-May be bipartite or tripartite
Bony features: Diaphysis
long cylindrical shaft
Bony features: Articular (hyaline) cartilage
covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect and reduce friction
Bone growth
Internal layer of periosteum builds new concentric layers on old layers
* Simultaneously, bone around sides of the medullary cavity is resorbed so
that diameter is continually increased
* Osteoblasts: cells that form new bone
* Osteoclasts: cells that resorb old bone
Wolff’s law
- Bone size and shape are influenced by the direction and magnitude of forces
that are habitually applied to them - Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses placed upon them
- Bone mass increases over time with increased stress
Make the long bones
Lower body-tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, and phalanges
Upper body -the humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, and phalanges
