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Music and World Cultures > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Tuvan throat singing that produces two tones at the same time

A

Khoomii

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2
Q

A set of bells operated from a keyboard

A

carillon

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3
Q

A part of the range of a voice or instrument

A

register

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4
Q

A series of tones above the fundamental tone

A

harmonics

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5
Q

A small Tuvan fiddle decorated with a horse’s head

A

igil

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6
Q

What three things does a soundscape include

A

sounds, settings, and significances of music

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7
Q

What factors influence the content of a soundscape

A

technological advances, shifts in generational tastes, its contact or exposure to other soundscapes

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8
Q

ethnomusicology is a field that combines the study of music with the concerns and methods of

A

anthropology

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9
Q

different instruments have different tone qualities because of the presence and relative strength of

A

particular partials

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10
Q

Ethnomusicologists often participate in the tradition they study

A

true

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11
Q

What is one of the most effective ways to learn about a musical practice

A

participation actively in the tradition you are studying

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12
Q

A soundmark is

A

a sound that identifies a given place and time

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13
Q

Ethnomusicologists often conduct fieldwork to study music traditions that are no longer performed

A

false

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14
Q

What aspects of a soundscape form its setting

A

everything from the venue to the behavior of those present

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15
Q

How can outside observers of a particular musical culture become sensitive to its meanings

A

by discussing the music with musicians and other cultural insiders, by carefully considering insiders’ points of view, by repeated exposure to the music

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16
Q

What music do ethnomusicologists study today

A

any and all musical phenomena in a variety of places

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17
Q

Chinese bowed string instrument

A

erhu

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18
Q

keyboard used to operate a carillon

A

baton console

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19
Q

An Australian aboriginal instrument

A

didjeridu

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20
Q

the special tone quality of an instrument or voice

A

timbre

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21
Q

A style of Tuvan throat singing with whistle-like hamronics

A

sygyt

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22
Q

What is distinctive about the Tuvan vocal style called Khoomii

A

Two sounds are produced at the same time; a low, steady tone with a higher tone above

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23
Q

What do Khoomii singers try to do

A

Depict sounds of nature in order to reinforce their connection to the physical environment of Tuva

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24
Q

Ethnomusicology

A

A field of study that joins the concerns and methods of anthropology with the study of music

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25
Q

soundscape

A

The distinctive sounds, settings, and significances of music

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26
Q

sound

A

vibrations with frequencies in the audible spectrum quality, duration, pitch, intensity

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27
Q

The context of a musical performance, place, structure of performance space, and behavior of those present

A

setting

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28
Q

Research, including observation and participation of living traditions

A

fieldwork

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29
Q

notes written down to record observations in the field

A

field notes

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30
Q

The process of identifying a musical scene and studying the soundscape of which it is a part

A

musical ethnography

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31
Q

The range of meanings constructed by musicians and listeners in response to musical sound and its settings

A

significance

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32
Q

What a researcher does when studying a living tradition during fieldwork

A

participant-observation

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33
Q

close, analytical listening in order to recognize characteristics of sound, formal structure, and aspects of musical styles

A

critical listening

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34
Q

the science that deals with sound

A

acoustics

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35
Q

The highness or lowness of a sound

A

pitch

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36
Q

The lowest tone in a harmonic series

A

fundamental tone

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37
Q

The series of simple vibrations that combine to create a complex pitched sound

A

harmonics or partials

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38
Q

The harmonics above the fundamental

A

overtones

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39
Q

The distinctiveness of a particular voice or instrument, arising from acoustical properties of the harmonic series. Also called quality

A

timbre

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40
Q

A style of khoomii characterized by text sung in a low register

A

kargyraa

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41
Q

Literally “stirrup;” a type of khoomii that features a rhythmic pulsing, said to imitate singing while riding a horse

A

ezengileer

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42
Q

Australian aerophone made from a hollowed-out, long piece of hardwood

A

didjeridu

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43
Q

The absence of sound

A

silence

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44
Q

The purposeful organization of the quality, pitch, duration, and intensity of sound

A

music

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45
Q

the voices and instruments that produce musical sound and whose vibrations give rise to our perceptions of quality

A

sound sources

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46
Q

The color of a sound, arising from acoustical properties of the harmonic series

A

quality

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47
Q

A regular fluctuation of a sound, produced by varying the pitch of the sound

A

vibrato

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48
Q

vocal style sung without audible vibrato

A

straight tone

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49
Q

A singing voice that is rough or gruff in quality

A

raspy

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50
Q

sound resonated from within the chest, with a low, powerful throaty vocal quality

A

chest voice

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51
Q

A light, bright tone resonated in the head

A

head voice

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52
Q

Male head voice

A

falsetto

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53
Q

A buzzing vocal quality produced by using the sinuses and mask of the face as sound resonators

A

nasal

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54
Q

The perceived loundess or softness of a sound

A

intensity

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55
Q

A series of pitches set forth in ascending or descending order.

A

scale

56
Q

A sequence of pitches, also called a tune, heard in the foreground of music

A

melody

57
Q

stepwise melodic movement using small intervals, as opposed to disjunct motion

A

conjunct, conjunct motion

58
Q

Melodic motion by leaps of large intervals,

A

disjunct, disjunct motion

59
Q

Melodic, rhythmic, and timbral elaborations or decorations such as gracings, rekrek, and grace notes

A

ornaments

60
Q

A brief section of music that sounds somewhat complete in itself

A

phrase

61
Q

The short, regular element of times that underlies beat and rhythm

A

pulse

62
Q

An individual pulse

A

beat

63
Q

The temporal relationships within music

A

rhythm

64
Q

Music’s rate of speed or pace

A

tempo

65
Q

A term describing the regular pulse of much of Western Classical music and its divisions into regular groupings of two, three, four, or six beats

A

meter

66
Q

The unit of time in western music and notation in which one grouping of meter takes place

A

measure

67
Q

emphasis on a pitch by any of several means

A

accent

68
Q

Assymetrical groupings

A

irregular meter

69
Q

Rhythm that is not organized around a regular pulse

A

free rhythm

70
Q

The study of musical instruments

A

organology

71
Q

A classifical of musical instruments

A

Sachs-Hornbostel system

72
Q

instruments that produce sound by being vibrated

A

idiophones

73
Q

instruments with strings that can be plucked or bowed

A

chordophones

74
Q

Chordophone whose strings are stretched along a neck and body

A

lute

75
Q

Chordophone whose strings run at an angle away from the soundboard

A

harp

76
Q

Chordophone whose strings are stretched over a soundboard and attached to a crossbar that spans the top of a yoke

A

lyre

77
Q

A chordophone without a neck or yoke whose strings are stretched parallel to the soundboard

A

zither

78
Q

Instruments that sound by means of vibrating air

A

aerophones

79
Q

instruments whose sound is produced by a membrane stretched over an opening

A

membranophones

80
Q

Instruments that produce sound using electricity

A

electrophones

81
Q

the perceived relationship of simultaneous musical sounds

A

texture

82
Q

a single melodic line sounded by one voice or instrument, or more than one, sounding the same melody at the same time

A

monophony

83
Q

A two-voiced texture in which the lower part sustains a continuous pitch (drone) while the upper part sounds a melody

A

biphony

84
Q

A musical texture, where the parts perform different pitches but move in the same rhythm

A

homophony

85
Q

A musical texture in which two or more parts move in contrasting directions at the same time

A

polyphony

86
Q

A musical texture in which two or more parts sound almost the same melody at almost the same time; often with the parts ornamented differently

A

heterophony

87
Q

The structure of a musical piece as established by its qualities, intensities, pitches, and duration

A

form

88
Q

A form in which all verses of text are set to the same melody. Strophic form can include a refrain that is sung between verses

A

strophic form

89
Q

A fixed stanza of text and music that recurs between verses of a strophic song

A

refrain

90
Q

Alignment of body motion to music heard

A

musical entrainment

91
Q

The Indian system for organizing meolodies according to their distinctive pitch content, ornaments, and associations

A

raga

92
Q

Indian category of melody associated with lullabies and sleep

A

raga nilambari

93
Q

Emotion associated with a particular Indian raga

A

rasa

94
Q

Music of south India

A

Karnatak

95
Q

Indian notation that names the seven main pitches

A

sargam

96
Q

Individual pitch within a raga, identified by position and and associated ornaments

A

svara

97
Q

Ornament in South Indian music

A

gamaka

98
Q

South Indian devotional song

A

kriti

99
Q

An Indian rhythmic framework consisting of time cycles that contain a fixed number of counts

A

tala

100
Q

Tala with eight beats 4+2+2

A

Tala Adi

101
Q

South Indian double-headed drum

A

mrdangam

102
Q

An aerophone with one or more drones and a chanter, all attached to an air reservoir or an airbag

A

bagpipe

103
Q

Gaelic name for the great Highland bagpipes

A

piob mhor

104
Q

Irish smallpipes with three drones, a keyed chanter, and a bellows to fill the bag

A

uilleann pipes

105
Q

pipe with finger holes on which a bagpiper plays a melody

A

chanter

106
Q

The pipe through which a bagpiper blows to fill the bag

A

blowpipe

107
Q

pipes that sound a constant tone but are not fingered

A

drone pipes

108
Q

the practice of inserting grace notes into bagpipe melodies

A

gracings

109
Q

The addition of one or more notes in slight anticipation of a pitch

A

grace notes

110
Q

Group of several grace notes in bagpipe music, one of which has the same pitch as the note ornamented

A

doubling

111
Q

A quick ornamental figure of two adjacent pitches in bagpipe music

A

birl

112
Q

A quick ornamental figure of two nonadjacent pitches that serves as a set of grace notes in bagpipe music

A

grip

113
Q

Vocal music that imitates the sound of the bagpipe

A

canntaireachd

114
Q

Traditional Irish mouth music

A

dydeling

115
Q

Ornamented, quick note preceding the main pitch in Irish Bagpipe music

A

clip

116
Q

a genre of solo bagpipe music that consists of a set of elaborate variations on a theme

A

pibroch, piobaireachd

117
Q

A lively dance tune popular in Ireland and among Irish Americans

A

jig

118
Q

A social or musical even dating back to the eighteenth century and associated with Celtic traditions

A

ceildh

119
Q

A genre of Scottish and Irish dance music typically played on a bagpipe

A

reel

120
Q

A flat bodied, plucked string instrument

A

zither

121
Q

sounds seem higher or lower because of their

A

pitch

122
Q

What is the universal definition of music

A

Impossible to give one

123
Q

Who is Ganesh

A

the God of learning and auspicious beings

124
Q

The atumpan are talking drums once used to communicate and tell historical narratives

A

true

125
Q

non praise parts of Jay Ganesh

A

vibraphone, sitar, and zither accompany classical, popular, and devotional music

126
Q

Highlife draws on

A

church hymns, sea chanteys, european military band music, and piano music

127
Q

popular musical style in Ghana drawing on its past

A

highlife

128
Q

The Agbadza dance music has what kind of instruments and texture

A

idiophones and membranophones in a polyphonic and polyrhythmic texture

129
Q

What do praise Ganesh and Mum-bhai have in common

A

Both contain local sounds as well as sounds of international musical textures

130
Q

Is raga nilambari used only for lullabies

A

No, it can also be used in ritual music used to lull deities to sleep as well as in compositions with no explicit connection to lullabies or sleep, though it continues to carry that significance for the knowledgeable listener.

131
Q

What is the term for the social movement that self-consciously popularizes or re-establishes music whose tradition is broken or seen to be in a precarious state?

A

A. revivalism

132
Q

Music most often conveys meaning by:

A

association with another phenomenon, such as an idea.

133
Q

The mrdangam drum can produce rhythms, but not alterations in pitch.

A

False

134
Q

What is the main function of a bagpipe’s bag?

A

It allows the player to keep the sound going continuously.

135
Q

What is the general term for South Indian classical music, a tradition in which raga nilambari can often be heard?

A

Karnatak music

136
Q

How did the use of bagpipes after the attacks on New York City and Washington DC on September 11, 2001 reframe the historical use of the bagpipes in the American public consciousness, associating the instrument with that time of national tragedy?

A

The bagpipe squad of the Fire Department of New York City played at the funeral of every firefighter who died in the line of duty.

137
Q

What is a major difference between the typical Irish bagpipes and the Scottish Highland pipes?

A

The Highland pipes are larger and have a blowpipe with which the player supplies air to the bag, whereas the Irish pipes’ bag is filled with air by a bellows

Music and World Cultures (8 decks)

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