Test 1 Flashcards
Tuvan throat singing that produces two tones at the same time
Khoomii
A set of bells operated from a keyboard
carillon
A part of the range of a voice or instrument
register
A series of tones above the fundamental tone
harmonics
A small Tuvan fiddle decorated with a horse’s head
igil
What three things does a soundscape include
sounds, settings, and significances of music
What factors influence the content of a soundscape
technological advances, shifts in generational tastes, its contact or exposure to other soundscapes
ethnomusicology is a field that combines the study of music with the concerns and methods of
anthropology
different instruments have different tone qualities because of the presence and relative strength of
particular partials
Ethnomusicologists often participate in the tradition they study
true
What is one of the most effective ways to learn about a musical practice
participation actively in the tradition you are studying
A soundmark is
a sound that identifies a given place and time
Ethnomusicologists often conduct fieldwork to study music traditions that are no longer performed
false
What aspects of a soundscape form its setting
everything from the venue to the behavior of those present
How can outside observers of a particular musical culture become sensitive to its meanings
by discussing the music with musicians and other cultural insiders, by carefully considering insiders’ points of view, by repeated exposure to the music
What music do ethnomusicologists study today
any and all musical phenomena in a variety of places
Chinese bowed string instrument
erhu
keyboard used to operate a carillon
baton console
An Australian aboriginal instrument
didjeridu
the special tone quality of an instrument or voice
timbre
A style of Tuvan throat singing with whistle-like hamronics
sygyt
What is distinctive about the Tuvan vocal style called Khoomii
Two sounds are produced at the same time; a low, steady tone with a higher tone above
What do Khoomii singers try to do
Depict sounds of nature in order to reinforce their connection to the physical environment of Tuva
Ethnomusicology
A field of study that joins the concerns and methods of anthropology with the study of music
soundscape
The distinctive sounds, settings, and significances of music
sound
vibrations with frequencies in the audible spectrum quality, duration, pitch, intensity
The context of a musical performance, place, structure of performance space, and behavior of those present
setting
Research, including observation and participation of living traditions
fieldwork
notes written down to record observations in the field
field notes
The process of identifying a musical scene and studying the soundscape of which it is a part
musical ethnography
The range of meanings constructed by musicians and listeners in response to musical sound and its settings
significance
What a researcher does when studying a living tradition during fieldwork
participant-observation
close, analytical listening in order to recognize characteristics of sound, formal structure, and aspects of musical styles
critical listening
the science that deals with sound
acoustics
The highness or lowness of a sound
pitch
The lowest tone in a harmonic series
fundamental tone
The series of simple vibrations that combine to create a complex pitched sound
harmonics or partials
The harmonics above the fundamental
overtones
The distinctiveness of a particular voice or instrument, arising from acoustical properties of the harmonic series. Also called quality
timbre
A style of khoomii characterized by text sung in a low register
kargyraa
Literally “stirrup;” a type of khoomii that features a rhythmic pulsing, said to imitate singing while riding a horse
ezengileer
Australian aerophone made from a hollowed-out, long piece of hardwood
didjeridu
The absence of sound
silence
The purposeful organization of the quality, pitch, duration, and intensity of sound
music
the voices and instruments that produce musical sound and whose vibrations give rise to our perceptions of quality
sound sources
The color of a sound, arising from acoustical properties of the harmonic series
quality
A regular fluctuation of a sound, produced by varying the pitch of the sound
vibrato
vocal style sung without audible vibrato
straight tone
A singing voice that is rough or gruff in quality
raspy
sound resonated from within the chest, with a low, powerful throaty vocal quality
chest voice
A light, bright tone resonated in the head
head voice
Male head voice
falsetto
A buzzing vocal quality produced by using the sinuses and mask of the face as sound resonators
nasal
The perceived loundess or softness of a sound
intensity
A series of pitches set forth in ascending or descending order.
scale
A sequence of pitches, also called a tune, heard in the foreground of music
melody
stepwise melodic movement using small intervals, as opposed to disjunct motion
conjunct, conjunct motion
Melodic motion by leaps of large intervals,
disjunct, disjunct motion
Melodic, rhythmic, and timbral elaborations or decorations such as gracings, rekrek, and grace notes
ornaments
A brief section of music that sounds somewhat complete in itself
phrase
The short, regular element of times that underlies beat and rhythm
pulse
An individual pulse
beat
The temporal relationships within music
rhythm
Music’s rate of speed or pace
tempo
A term describing the regular pulse of much of Western Classical music and its divisions into regular groupings of two, three, four, or six beats
meter
The unit of time in western music and notation in which one grouping of meter takes place
measure
emphasis on a pitch by any of several means
accent
Assymetrical groupings
irregular meter
Rhythm that is not organized around a regular pulse
free rhythm
The study of musical instruments
organology
A classifical of musical instruments
Sachs-Hornbostel system
instruments that produce sound by being vibrated
idiophones
instruments with strings that can be plucked or bowed
chordophones
Chordophone whose strings are stretched along a neck and body
lute
Chordophone whose strings run at an angle away from the soundboard
harp
Chordophone whose strings are stretched over a soundboard and attached to a crossbar that spans the top of a yoke
lyre
A chordophone without a neck or yoke whose strings are stretched parallel to the soundboard
zither
Instruments that sound by means of vibrating air
aerophones
instruments whose sound is produced by a membrane stretched over an opening
membranophones
Instruments that produce sound using electricity
electrophones
the perceived relationship of simultaneous musical sounds
texture
a single melodic line sounded by one voice or instrument, or more than one, sounding the same melody at the same time
monophony
A two-voiced texture in which the lower part sustains a continuous pitch (drone) while the upper part sounds a melody
biphony
A musical texture, where the parts perform different pitches but move in the same rhythm
homophony
A musical texture in which two or more parts move in contrasting directions at the same time
polyphony
A musical texture in which two or more parts sound almost the same melody at almost the same time; often with the parts ornamented differently
heterophony
The structure of a musical piece as established by its qualities, intensities, pitches, and duration
form
A form in which all verses of text are set to the same melody. Strophic form can include a refrain that is sung between verses
strophic form
A fixed stanza of text and music that recurs between verses of a strophic song
refrain
Alignment of body motion to music heard
musical entrainment
The Indian system for organizing meolodies according to their distinctive pitch content, ornaments, and associations
raga
Indian category of melody associated with lullabies and sleep
raga nilambari
Emotion associated with a particular Indian raga
rasa
Music of south India
Karnatak
Indian notation that names the seven main pitches
sargam
Individual pitch within a raga, identified by position and and associated ornaments
svara
Ornament in South Indian music
gamaka
South Indian devotional song
kriti
An Indian rhythmic framework consisting of time cycles that contain a fixed number of counts
tala
Tala with eight beats 4+2+2
Tala Adi
South Indian double-headed drum
mrdangam
An aerophone with one or more drones and a chanter, all attached to an air reservoir or an airbag
bagpipe
Gaelic name for the great Highland bagpipes
piob mhor
Irish smallpipes with three drones, a keyed chanter, and a bellows to fill the bag
uilleann pipes
pipe with finger holes on which a bagpiper plays a melody
chanter
The pipe through which a bagpiper blows to fill the bag
blowpipe
pipes that sound a constant tone but are not fingered
drone pipes
the practice of inserting grace notes into bagpipe melodies
gracings
The addition of one or more notes in slight anticipation of a pitch
grace notes
Group of several grace notes in bagpipe music, one of which has the same pitch as the note ornamented
doubling
A quick ornamental figure of two adjacent pitches in bagpipe music
birl
A quick ornamental figure of two nonadjacent pitches that serves as a set of grace notes in bagpipe music
grip
Vocal music that imitates the sound of the bagpipe
canntaireachd
Traditional Irish mouth music
dydeling
Ornamented, quick note preceding the main pitch in Irish Bagpipe music
clip
a genre of solo bagpipe music that consists of a set of elaborate variations on a theme
pibroch, piobaireachd
A lively dance tune popular in Ireland and among Irish Americans
jig
A social or musical even dating back to the eighteenth century and associated with Celtic traditions
ceildh
A genre of Scottish and Irish dance music typically played on a bagpipe
reel
A flat bodied, plucked string instrument
zither
sounds seem higher or lower because of their
pitch
What is the universal definition of music
Impossible to give one
Who is Ganesh
the God of learning and auspicious beings
The atumpan are talking drums once used to communicate and tell historical narratives
true
non praise parts of Jay Ganesh
vibraphone, sitar, and zither accompany classical, popular, and devotional music
Highlife draws on
church hymns, sea chanteys, european military band music, and piano music
popular musical style in Ghana drawing on its past
highlife
The Agbadza dance music has what kind of instruments and texture
idiophones and membranophones in a polyphonic and polyrhythmic texture
What do praise Ganesh and Mum-bhai have in common
Both contain local sounds as well as sounds of international musical textures
Is raga nilambari used only for lullabies
No, it can also be used in ritual music used to lull deities to sleep as well as in compositions with no explicit connection to lullabies or sleep, though it continues to carry that significance for the knowledgeable listener.
What is the term for the social movement that self-consciously popularizes or re-establishes music whose tradition is broken or seen to be in a precarious state?
A. revivalism
Music most often conveys meaning by:
association with another phenomenon, such as an idea.
The mrdangam drum can produce rhythms, but not alterations in pitch.
False
What is the main function of a bagpipe’s bag?
It allows the player to keep the sound going continuously.
What is the general term for South Indian classical music, a tradition in which raga nilambari can often be heard?
Karnatak music
How did the use of bagpipes after the attacks on New York City and Washington DC on September 11, 2001 reframe the historical use of the bagpipes in the American public consciousness, associating the instrument with that time of national tragedy?
The bagpipe squad of the Fire Department of New York City played at the funeral of every firefighter who died in the line of duty.
What is a major difference between the typical Irish bagpipes and the Scottish Highland pipes?
The Highland pipes are larger and have a blowpipe with which the player supplies air to the bag, whereas the Irish pipes’ bag is filled with air by a bellows
