Exam 3 Flashcards
view of an event or performance from a distance, from a detached viewpoint
panoptic
view of an event or performance from within a setting into which the spectator views (360) (from the center, immersed)
panoramic
small musics within big music cultures
micromusic
the legal protection of intellectual property
copyright
a manager of performers or a director of a concert series
impresario
A group of people who share a common identity and related practices, whether based on ethnicity, religion, language, or generation, that are perceived as distinct from others within a given society
subculture
The sphere of musical interaction that involves the power of the state and international industries, and the assumptions and expectations they generate
superculture
The sphere of interaction between musical subcultures
interculture
A small, four-stringd Hawaiian chordophone that became popular in the twentieth century
ukelele
an indigenous hawaiian dance form associated with native chants, later accompanied by Western instruments for tourists
Hula
Harmonics produced on the steel guitar by flattening the strings with the palm of the hand
palm harmonics or chimes
Technique in Western music when a chord is played one pitch at a time, usually from bottom to top
arpeggio
Vocal technique where a singer produces a break in tone when switching from chest to head voice
yodel
A large Indonesian ensemble consisting mainly of metallophones
gamelan
A type of Balinese gamelan, known particularly for its shimmering sound and interlocking parts.
gong Kebyar
Twentieth-century Balinese dance drama performed for tourists
kecak
One of the two main tuning systems of Indonesian gamelan music
pelog
A new creative work for Balinese gamelan
kreasi baru
An Indonesian term for the interlocking parts heard in Balinese gamelan music
kotekan
A grouping or measure, of two beats
duple meter
A scale that contains five pitches, or the music that is based on such scales
pentatonic
The addition of one or more notes in slight anticipation of a pitch
grace notes
A regular fluctuation or trembling of a sound, produced by varying the intensity of the sound
tremolo
A musical gesture that entails sliding from one pitch to another
glissando
A Chinese plucked lute with roots in central Asia
pipa
Chinese free reed aerophone with vertical pipes
sheng
Chinese bowed lute
erhu
A short musical pattern that is continually repaeted
ostinato
A regular fluctuation of a sound, produced by varying the pitch of the sound
vibrato
Gradual increase in volume from very soft to very loud
crescendo
Literate music traditions are more complex than non-literate musical traditions
false
Within a given society ______ notations typically develop after _____ notation
musical, written language
fake books typically contain
lead sheet notation
formalized system used for signaling, memorizing, and teaching
notation
The type of musical notation used in the 10th- or 11th-century manuscript of “Ad te levavi” tells how to sing the song, not what the song is.
true
The earliest known alphabetical system of music notation originates from
Syria-Palestine
In Western Europe, which type of music first acquired a written notation
Vocal music
What is the oldest recording device
memory
The first visual representations of musical sounds originate from
Carvings from the Pharaonic period of ancient Egypt
One of the earliest descriptions of Western music from the Middle Ages
underscores the importance of music in the ceremonies of the medieval church
The current Western system of musical notation specifies which of the following components of any musical sound
duration, timbre, pitch, loudness
addition of notes to those specified as notes
Ornamentation
What are the two motivations behind the use of notation
the need for a memory aid and the need to communicate
At the foundation of the Western musical system, the basic unit of music-writing was the syllable, not the musical note
true
In Greece, Mesopotamia, and Pharonic Egypt, which type of music first acquired a written notation
Instrumental music
Music notation in ancient Greece was principally developed to circulate and preserve specific compositions
false
give instructions for making the music rather than indicating the music itself (the player doesn’t have to know how the music will sound)
signs for actions
use signs people already know and don’t take up a large amount of writing space with a complicated grid or lots of open space
signs for notes
give directions for what to do and includes indications for volume and for the means of getting from one note to the next
signs for motion
show the structural divisions of a text and guide a singer in performing that text
signs for formulas
Written notation does this
preserves music over a long period
provides a framework for improvisation
facilitates performance by those not in contact with the composer
The use of notation and the form it takes are the result of the social and cultural context in which it has been developed
true
Written notation is a phenomenon of literate social classes
true
Neumes indicate the number of notes, the melodic shape, and what the specific notes are
False
five horizontally parallel lines
staff
fixes the location of one particular pitch on a staff
clef
locate pitches lying above or below any staff
ledger lines
total duration between adjacent bar lines
measure
vertical lines running through the staff or staves that mark off a fixed number of some note-value or the equivalent duration
barline
Professionals use fake books
as skeletal guides to performance
in addition to oral tradition in order to reproduce the notated music authentically and idiomatically
to learn standard repertory
Traditional Western notation was designed to accurately notate musics from all musical traditions from around the globe
false