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General Biology One > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bonding capacity of an atom

A

Valence

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2
Q

An atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

A

Electronegativity

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3
Q

Bond where two atoms share a pair of valence electrons

A

Covalent bond

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4
Q

The atoms share the electrons equally

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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5
Q

Atoms do not share the electrons equally

A

Polar covalent bond

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6
Q

Attractions between an anion and a cation

A

Ionic bond

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7
Q

A charged atom or molecule

A

Ion

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8
Q

A positively charged ion

A

Cation

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9
Q

A negatively charged ion

A

Anion

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10
Q

Compounds formed by ionic bonds

A

Ionic compound

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11
Q

When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen bond

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12
Q

Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of electrons accumulated in certain part of a molecule

A

Can der Waals interactions

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13
Q

The making and breaking of chemical bonds

A

Chemical reactions

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14
Q

Starting molecule in a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

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15
Q

Final molecule in a chemical reaction

A

Product

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16
Q

The average kinetic energy of the molecule in a body of matter

A

Temperature

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17
Q

The energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

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18
Q

Random motion of atoms or molecules

A

Thermal energy

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19
Q

When the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate

A

Chemical equilibrium

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20
Q

Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

A

Heat

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21
Q

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C

A

Calorie

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22
Q

Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C

A

Specific heat

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23
Q

The heat a liquid must absorb for 1g to be converted to gas

A

Heat of vaporization

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24
Q

Results from arrangement and interaction of parts within a system

A

Emergent property

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25
Q

Way of organizing life forms

A

Taxa

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26
Q

An experimental group is compared with a control group

A

Controlled experiment

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27
Q

Manipulated variable

A

Independent variable

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28
Q

Affected variable

A

Dependent variable

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29
Q

General premise to make specific prediction

A

Deductive reasoning

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30
Q

Repeating specific observations to lead to important generalizations

A

Inductive reasoning

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31
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

32
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

A

Element

33
Q

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio made of different elements

A

Compound

34
Q

Consists of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

A

Molecule

35
Q

The capacity to cause charge

A

Energy

36
Q

Energy that matter has because if it’s location or structure

A

Potential energy

37
Q

An electron’s state of potential energy is called its energy level

A

Electron shell

38
Q

Electrons found in the outermost shell, or valence shell

A

Valence electrons

39
Q

Three-dimensional space when an electron is found 90% of the time

A

Electron orbitals

40
Q

Number of protons in nucleus

A

Atomic number

41
Q

The atom’s total mass, can be approximated by the mass number

A

Atomic mass

42
Q

The sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

A

Mass number

43
Q

Unit of measurement used to measure neutron mass and proton mass

A

Dalton

44
Q

Two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

45
Q

Decay spontaneously giving off particles and energy

A

Radioactive isotope

46
Q

A parent isotope decayed into its daughter isotope at a fixed rate

A

Half life

47
Q

Interactions that result in atoms staying close together, held by attraction

A

Chemical bonds

48
Q

As a liquid evaporates, it’s remaining survive cools

A

Evaporative cooling

49
Q

A liquid that is a completely homogenous mixture of substances

A

Solution

50
Q

The dissolving agent of a solution

A

Solvent

51
Q

The substance that is dissolved

A

Solute

52
Q

Water is the solvent

A

Aqueous solution

53
Q

Sphere of water surrounding an ionic compound dissolved in water

A

Hydration shell

54
Q

Substance is one that has an affinity for water

A

Hydrophilic

55
Q

Substance is one that does not have an affinity for water

A

Hydrophobic

56
Q

Sum of all masses in a molecule

A

Molecular mass

57
Q

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution

A

Molarity

58
Q

Hydrogen bonds collectively hold water molecules together

A

Cohesion

59
Q

An attraction between different substances for example, between water and plant cell walls

A

Adhesion

60
Q

A measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid

A

Surface tension

61
Q

A substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

A

Acid

62
Q

A substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution (OH higher)

A

Base

63
Q

Negative logarithm of the H+ concentration

A

PH

64
Q

Substances that minimize charges in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution

A

Buffers

65
Q

The study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin

A

Organic chemistry

66
Q

Organic molecules consisting of only carbons and hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbons

67
Q

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

A

Isomers

68
Q

Components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

A

Functional groups

69
Q

Two monomers bond together through loss of water molecules

A

Dehydration reaction

70
Q

Two monomers separate through gaining of water molecules

A

Hydrolysis

71
Q

Sugars and the polymers of sugars

A

Carbohydrates

72
Q

has The maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds

A

Saturated fat

73
Q

Has one or more double bond

A

Unsaturated fat

74
Q

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol

A

Phospholipid

75
Q

A type of steroid, and is a component in animal cells, membranes and a precursor from which other steroids are synthesized

A

Cholesterol

General Biology One (4 decks)

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