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Poli Sci 2 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

[Syl] Government definition

A

Political system, or the institution that creates and implements policy and laws that guide the conduct of the nation and its citizens

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2
Q

Democracy definition

A

Rule by the people

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3
Q

Aristocracy

A

Rule by “the best”

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4
Q

Direct democracy definition

A

Direct citizen rule

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5
Q

Monarchy definition

A

1 person holds power

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6
Q

Republic definition

A

Ruled by elected representatives; a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws made; a representative democracy

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7
Q

Senate definition

A

Roman aristocratic body

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8
Q

[Syl] Ideas that influence US founders and framers

A

Greece provided philosophy through its culture. Rome provided a system of laws, language changes, and engineering. The US took some aspects of Athenian government. Hobbes and Locke provided the idea of social contract theory and popular consent. New England had a direct democracy. The House of Burgesses inspires the US republic (people electing responses).

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9
Q

[Syl] What are the attributes functions of American democracy?

A 
According to the preamble, the governments aim is to:
•Establish justice
•Ensure domestic tranquility
•Provide for the common defense
•Promote general welfare 
•Secure the blessings of liberty
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10
Q

[Syl] Attributes of the American Government.

A
  • Personal liberty
  • Political equality
  • Popular consent and majority rule
  • Popular sovereignty
  • Gvt. limited by constitution and laws
  • Civil society
  • Individualization
  • Religious faith
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11
Q

[Syl] Direct democracy definition and examples

A

Citizens participate in making policy decisions. Ex. Switzerland, early Athens.

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12
Q

[Syl] Definition of indirect democracy and examples

A

The people control the government through elected officials. Ex. Sparta, Britain, France, Canada, Australia, etc.

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13
Q

[Syl] Plato’s forms of government from “most perfect to least perfect”

A
  • Philosopher King
  • Timocracy (ruled by honor)
  • Oligarchy (ruled by wealthy)
  • Democracy
  • Tyranny
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14
Q

[Syl] Aristotle’s forms of government from “most perfect to least perfect”

A
  • Monarchy
  • Aristocracy (ruled by the best)
  • Polity (ruled by many in the interest of all)
  • Democracy
  • Oligarchy
  • Tyranny
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15
Q

[Syl] Alternatives to democracy

A
  • Totalitarianism
  • Authoritarianism
  • Socialism
  • Communism
  • Fascism
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16
Q

[Syl] Politics definition

A

The study of “who gets what, when and how.” Also been defined as the struggle between individuals and/or groups within a society for the allocation of resources and privileges

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17
Q

[Syl] Definition of state

A

An independent political-administrative unit that successfully claims the allegiance of a given population

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18
Q

[Syl] Definition is nation

A

A large group of people who are bound together, and recognize a similarity among themselves, due to a common culture

Cultural and linguistic grouping of people who feel that they belong together

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19
Q

Were populations uniform?

A

No. Varied from 100+ to in the thousands.

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20
Q

What was the population of Athens?

A

> 300,000

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21
Q

What was Athen’s original form of government?

A

Monarchy

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22
Q

When did Athens become an oligarchy?

A

The 7th century.

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23
Q

Describe some of Athens’s early economic problems

A
  • Debt-slavery
  • Poor wanted land and their debt cancelled
  • A civil war was imminent
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24
Q

What did Solon do?

A

Canceled debts but did not give any land. Allowed aristocrats to come to power while people remained landless.

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25
Q

What was the council of 500?

A

An unpaid male Athenian assembly.

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26
Q

What did the council of 500 do?

A
  1. Proposed laws
  2. Supervised foreign affairs
  3. Treasury
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27
Q

What sort of government did Cliesthenes enact?

A

An Athenian democracy.

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28
Q

Who elected the council of 500?

A

Athenian males.

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29
Q

What did a direct democracy mean for Athenians?

A

Legislation was debated by Athenians who ruled directly.

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30
Q

How many Athenians attended the assembly? How often did they meet?

A

6,000 people attended every 10 days

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31
Q

What led to the Sparta/Athens war?

A

Athens refuses to fight.

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32
Q

Why study government?

A

I am directly or indirectly affected by government.

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33
Q

Does government = democracy?

A

No

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34
Q

What are some elements of of democracy?

A
  • They are common to societies

* They may be simple to complex

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35
Q

What is government?

A
  • ”To pilot a ship” or to “steer the ship of a state”
  • Works independently
  • Allocates benefits
  • Has the final say
  • Policy decision-making
  • Defined by Lasswell as “Who gets what, when, and how”
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36
Q

Why is government needed? Give an example of life without government.

A
  • Security and order
  • Safety from violence and crime
  • Ex. Iraq power vacuum
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37
Q

What happens when order is overemphasized? Give an example of such a government.

A

Liberty may be limited or absent. Ex. Franco’s Spain, Hussein’s Iran, Castro’s Cuba

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38
Q

What is the double sided coin of liberty?

A

It may be promoted to a people, or used against them.

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39
Q

What was the main point of Federalist Paper no. 10. Cite the text.

A

To discuss liberty and factions. “Removing causes” vs. “controlling effects”. “Destroying liberty” vs. “same interests”. “First remedy worse than the disease.”

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40
Q

Why does the government need authority? How does it obtain authority.

A

To enforce decisions. They obtain this authority through the army, police, or ostracism.

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41
Q

What defines legitimacy?

A

People’s willingness to follow government’s rule and belief in their authority

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42
Q

What is an example of the gvt.’s use for authority.

A

The C.P.A. during the time of Iraq.

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43
Q

How did the US redefine direct democracy?

A

Initiative, referendum, or recall

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44
Q

What is teledemocracy? How has it changed traditional US democracy?

A
  • The internet has been used to contact politicians and to donate to them
  • Online interest groups can be viewed
  • Colorado installed online voting in 2000.
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45
Q

What document noted opposition to direct democracy? What did it say?

A

Federalist paper #10 says that pure democracies are unrestrained and brief.

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46
Q

What causes the Reformation? What king was involved in it?

A

Protestants moved into a church started by Henry the 8th and split from the Anglican Church.

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47
Q

What makes puritans different?

A

They are less hierarchal.

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48
Q

How are congregations governed?

A

They are self-governed and independent.

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49
Q

Where did separatists find refuge?

A

America

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50
Q

What documents did the pilgrims create?

A

The Mayflower Compact.

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51
Q

What did pilgrims and puritans begin to practice?

A

A form of direct government

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52
Q

What did Hobbes propose?

A

Popular consent and social contract theory.

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53
Q

What was Hobbes like? What did he believe?

A

He was a pessimist who believed that life was short and unpleasant

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54
Q

What was described in Locke’s second treatise?

A
  • Denied divine rights
  • Favored natural rights
  • Consent of the governed
  • True justice came for laws
  • Favors legislature
  • Jefferson modifiers Locke’s “life, liberty, and property”
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55
Q

What sets a democratic republic apart from a representative democracy?

A

A democratic republic utilizes rules of a democracy and republic, while a representative democracy was founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people

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56
Q

What is an example of a democratic republic? Of a representative democracy?

A
  • Democratic republic: US

* Representative democracy: UK

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57
Q

What defines personal liberty?

A
  • Freedom from government interference

* Freedom from government discrimination

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58
Q

What defines political equality?

A

•People are equal, which dictated that suffrage should be universal

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59
Q

What makes popular consent and majority rule characteristics of American government?

A
  • Locke said that having popular consent legitimizes ideas

* The Bill of rights limits majority rules

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60
Q

What defines a civil society?

A

Citizens are able to debate public policy

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61
Q

Why is individualization a characteristic of an American government?

A

It is an American tradition that provides opportunity to achieve.

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62
Q

How has unlimited religious faith shaped the current US?

A

Religious diversity has increased, but Christians are still the largest group.

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63
Q

What separates the types of democracy?

A

It is either for everyone, few, or groups.

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64
Q

What is the type of democracy for everyone? How is it defined?

A

•Majoritarianism: majority’s wished

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65
Q

How are society’s affected by being ruled under majoritarianism?

A

Polls show people are disinterested in politics and have limited awareness

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66
Q

What type of democracy is for the few? How is it defined?

A

Elite theory: a few people are in power, and these people are in elite groups.

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67
Q

What type of democracy is for groups? How is it defined?

A

Pluralism is defined as a struggle among groups?

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68
Q

What type of democracy forms our democracy?

A

•Some argue all three are involved

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69
Q

How do individual political beliefs form?

A
  • Political socialization

* Dominant culture

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70
Q

What are the most important elements of political socialization?

A
  • Family

* Schooling

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71
Q

What defines dominant culture?

A

Values, customs, and language of major groups.

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72
Q

What sort of issues cause tension in American democracy?

A
  • Liberty vs order
  • Equality vs order
  • Equality vs liberty
  • Economic equality
  • Property rights and capitalism
  • Limited vs big government
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73
Q

What defines a liberty vs order tension? Examples?

A

Order up against individuality. Ex. Abortion debate, the Patriot Act.

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74
Q

What defines an equality vs order tension? Example?

A

Equality is pitted against social order. Ex. Same sex marriage.

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75
Q

What defines an equality vs liberty tension? Example?

A

Equality goes against individual liberty. Ex. Single payer healthcare

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76
Q

What defines the existence of economic equality tension?

A
  • Total economic equality is considered controversial, but reducing economic inequality is less controversial
  • The 5th amendment (property rights)
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77
Q

What defines property rights and capitalism tension?

A

Controversy over the Kelo case (eminent domain for private purposes). Many felt it violated the 5th amendment.

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78
Q

What is an example of a limited vs big government tension?

A

State vs federal intervention in Hurricane Katrina

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79
Q

What are political ideologies?

A

Beliefs about government.

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80
Q

What is Dahl’s criteria of democracy?

A
  1. Citizens can vote
  2. Citizens can be elected
  3. Candidates can campaign
  4. Free and fair elections
  5. Freedom of association
  6. Freedom of expression
  7. Alternative information sources
  8. Accountable policy makers
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81
Q

What are the 4 corners of the ideological grid?

A
  • Liberals
  • Libertarians
  • Conservatives
  • Populist communitarian
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82
Q

Liberals definition

A

Cultural liberty and economic equality

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83
Q

Libertarian definition

A

Cultural and economic liberty

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84
Q

Conservative definition

A

Cultural order and economic equality

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85
Q

Populist communitarian definition

A

Cultural order and economic equality

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86
Q

What are the tensions within ideologies? How is it defined?

A

Fiscal vs. social: conservative vs liberal

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87
Q

Socialism definition

A

Economic and social equality, cooperative or nationalized industry

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88
Q

Communism definition

A

Rule by workers, government enterprises, central planning

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89
Q

Fascism definition

A

Exalts nation and rulers, action over discussion, honors war

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90
Q

How are US demographics changing?

A
  • The elderly population is growing
  • Media age is higher (35.5, 2008; 36.2, 2050; strains Medicare and social security)
  • Overall population growing (300 mil 2006, 350 mil 2025, 400 mil 2050)
  • Population growing, birthrate falling (replacement rate = 2.1 births)
  • Immigration and large families may only sustain population growth until ~2050
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91
Q

Changes in demographics (pt. 2)

A
  • Diversity is increasing (Latinos and Asians are fastest growing, African Americans are frowning slowly, and white peoples are decreasing)
  • Labor for participation (F36% M80% 1960, F58% M71% 2000)
  • After Roe v Wade abortion rates went up, but have recently declined
  • Divorce rate was 2.5/1000 in 1965, 4.8 in 1975, and 4.2 in 2006
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92
Q

What are attitudes towards the American government like?

A
  • Many want to achieve “the American Dream”
  • Expectations are higher since the new deal
  • Successes may be over shadowed
  • Scandals explain 2005 poll with 23% of people trusting politicians
  • Not feeling your vote makes a different, or not knowing information may result in voter apathy
  • Must recognize good and bad done by government
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93
Q

When was Roanoke established?

A

1587

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94
Q

When was Jamestown founded?

A

1607

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95
Q

How much of the original Jamestown died? Why?

A

80% due to drought.

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96
Q

What crop saved Jamestown?

A

Tobacco

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97
Q

What important model for the US government was established in Jamestown? What year?

A

The House of Burgesses was established in 1619

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98
Q

What important document was signed on a failed exposition to Virgina that ended up in New England? How many men signed it?

A

41 out of 44 men signed the Mayflower Compact

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99
Q

What did the signers of the Mayflower Compact do?

A

Formed a new government

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100
Q

What colony formed the Fundamental Orders in 1693?

A

Connecticut

101
Q

What year were the Body of Liberties established?

A

1641

102
Q

What colony formed the Frame of Government in 1682?

A

Pennsylvania

103
Q

What document did the Frame of Government result in? In what year?

A

Charter of Privileges in 1701

104
Q

Ideas expressed throughout the Fundamental Orders, Body of Liberties, Frame of Government, and Charter of Privileges were important to which American documents?

A

The constitution and the bill of rights

105
Q

What policy was very important to England from the 1650’s to the 1700’s?

A

Trade, also known as mercantilism (the idea that wealth came from industry and trade)

106
Q

When did the French and Indian war widen?

A

1756 - 1763

107
Q

What effect did the war have on England?

A

It cost them a lot of money

108
Q

What year did the Crown issue a Proclamation? What did it mean?

A

Issued in 1763, colonists were not allowed to move west.

109
Q

How did the crown attempt to make up for their losses? What was the effect?

A

Taxing the colonies caused dissent.

110
Q

What did the Sugar Act do? When was it established?

A

Starting in 1764, sugar, coffee, wine, and other various items were taxed

111
Q

What did the Quartering Act do? When was it established?

A

I’m 1765 the colonists were ordered to house and supply British troops

112
Q

What was The Stamp Act? When was it established? What was the result?

A

In 1765, requiring stamps on all public documents caused a lot of protest; it was eventually repealed.

113
Q

What brotherhood did Sam Adams found that protested the Stamp Act?

A

The Sons of Liberty

114
Q

How many colonies sent representatives to NYC as a result of England passing strict rules for the colonies?

A

9 out of 13

115
Q

What was the Declaratory Act and when was it passed?

A

In 1766, parliament weakened the colony’s legislature

116
Q

What was the Townshend Act? When was it passed? Who protested it?

A

Passed in 1767, tea began to be taxed. This was protested by the Sons of Liberty.

117
Q

What was the Boston Massacre? When was it?

A

In 1770 soldiers fired on a crowd of protesters.

118
Q

Whose side of the Boston Massacre was John Adams on?

A

The soldiers

119
Q

When was the Tea Act passed, and what did it do?

A

Passed in 1773, an East Indian company was given a monopoly in tea

120
Q

What happened during the Boston Tea Party? When was it?

A

In 1773 350 chests of tea were dumped into the Boston harbor

121
Q

What did the Intolerable Acts do? When were they passed?

A

In 1774, the Coercive Acts were able to be passed. These acts punished Massachusetts by closing the Harbor and imposing martial law

122
Q

How did the colonies respond to Britain’s “punishments” and oppressive law?

A

All but Georgia sent representatives to Philly

123
Q

When was the first Continental Congress? What did it result in?

A

Hosted in 1774, the colonies were able to voice their objections, as well as decide to raise soldiers

124
Q

When was the second constitutional convention? Which colonies attended?

A

All colonies attended in 1775

125
Q

What document was written during the second constitutional convention?

A

The Olive Branch Petition

126
Q

How did the King react to the Olive Branch Petition?

A

He rejected it

127
Q

What did Britain found as a result of the Olive Branch Petition?

A

The continental army

128
Q

What did Thomas Paine declare in Common Sense?

A

Self determination

129
Q

Who resolved independence to gain Legitimacy and pas the Resolution?

A

Richard Henry Lee

130
Q

Who chaired the drafting committee? What was the result?

A

Jefferson; the Declaration of Independence was mostly his work

131
Q

When were the articles of confederation written? When were they ratified?

A

1776 ; 1781

132
Q

When did the states begin to follow the Articles of Confederation?

A

Before ratification

133
Q

What powers did the articles give?

A

Power to make peace, relate with native Americans, appoint officers, produce coinage, and found a mail system.

134
Q

What system did the articles of confederation set up?

A

1 legislative chamber that has 2 to 7 delegates per state

135
Q

How many votes did each state get?

A

1.

136
Q

How many states needed to vote yes in order for a measure to pass?

A

9 states of 13

137
Q

How many states needed to vote yes in order to amend an article?

A

13 : 13

138
Q

If congress is adjourned, who is able to make decisions?

A

A committee of the states?

139
Q

Who has the power to appoint executive officers?

A

Congress

140
Q

What was a success made under the articles?

A

Maryland convinced others to hold off ratifying articles.

141
Q

What were some weaknesses under the articles?

A
  • Could not regulate commerce
  • Could not tax people directly
  • Could not draft
  • Could not compel others to honor treaties
142
Q

When was Shay’s rebellion? Who committed it?

A

1786, committed by Daniel Shays and other farmers

143
Q

What happened to farmers who didn’t pay their debts?

A

Imprisonment

144
Q

Was Shays able to take the arsenal?

A

No

145
Q

When and were was the constitutional convention?

A

1787 in Philly

146
Q

How many states were present in the 1787 constitutional convention?

A

All but Rhode Island

147
Q

How big were the framers? How many had legal backgrounds? What was the average age?

A

There were 55 delegates, 33 of which had a legal background. The average age was 42.

148
Q

What did the Executive branch establish about the presidency?

A

The length of term, the electoral college, and the ability to impeach

149
Q

Who was the main author of the constitution?

A

James Madison

150
Q

What were the two main points of the constitution?

A
  1. Separation of powers

2. Checks and balances

151
Q

Why do the powers need to be separated?

A

To prevent tyranny

152
Q

What does article one of the constitution establish?

A

The powers of congress, comprised of the house and the senate

153
Q

What does article two of the constitution establish?

A

The powers of the president

154
Q

What does article three of the constitution establish?

A

The powers of the Supreme Court

155
Q

Who originally talked about checks and balances? In what context?

A

Montesquieu, in The Spirit of the Laws (1765)

156
Q

What powers of sub-government did the constitution help to divide?

A

The powers of national and state government

157
Q

What defines popular sovereignty?

A

Popular sovereignty is a government of the people.

158
Q

What did the constitution do to the national and state governments?

A

It limited them.

159
Q

What did the constitution stress the importance of in government?

A

Elected representatives.

160
Q

[Syl] What defines article 5 of the constitution?

A

Amendments can be proposed by either congress or a special convention called at that states’ request. States have the authority to to ratify amendments; 3/4 of the state legislature must agree to ratify for it to become official. Very few proposals actually become ratified.

161
Q

[Syl] Describe the nation’s system of checks and balances

A
  • The president may veto legislation of congress, and can nominate judges for the Supreme Court
  • The Supreme Court may declare presidential acts unconstitutional, and may declare laws founded by congress unconstitutional
  • Congress may vote to impeach the president, or to impeach judges of the Supreme Court
162
Q

[Syl] Compare and contrast the articles of confederation and the constitution

A
  • The articles of confederation: laid foundations of a confederate government, unicameral, requires unanimous ratification, and didn’t have one executive power holder
  • The constitution: laid foundations for a federal government, bicameral, requires 9:13 states for ratification, described a president
  • Both: Detailed congresses rights and duties, congress has military power, foundational governing document, only government can send and receive ambassadors
163
Q

[Syl] What differentiated federalists and anti federalists when it came to Bill of rights and the constitution?

A
  • Bill of rights: federalists thought a bill of rightswere not necessary, while antis wanted a list of personal rights
  • Constitution: federalists supported ratifying the constitution, while antis did not.
164
Q

Efficacy definition

A

Citizen’s belief that they have the ability to achieve something desirable and that the government listens to people like them

165
Q

Civic engagement definition

A

Individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern

166
Q

Political engagement definition

A

Citizen actions that are intended to solve public problems through political means

167
Q

Citizens definition

A

Members of the polity who, through birth or naturalization, enjoy the rights, privileges, and responsibilities attached to membership in a given nation

168
Q

Naturalization definition

A

The process of becoming a citizen by means other than birth, as in the case of immigrants

169
Q

Legitimacy definition

A

A quality conferred on government by citizens who believe that it’s exercise of power is right and proper

170
Q

Public good definition

A

Goods whose benefits cannot be limited and that are available to all

171
Q

Constitutionalism definition

A

Government that is structured by law, and in which the power of government is limited

172
Q

Limited government definition

A

Government that is restricted in what it can do so that the rights of the people are protected

173
Q

Divine right of kings definition

A

The assertion that monarchies, as a manifestation of God’s will, could rule absolutely without regard to the will or well-being of their subjects

174
Q

Social contract definition

A

An agreement between people and their leaders in which the people agree to give up some liberties so that their other liberties are protected

175
Q

Popular sovereignty definition

A

The theory that government is created by the people and depends on the people for the authority to rule

176
Q

Social contract theory definition

A

The idea that individuals possess free will, and every individual is equally endowed with the God-given right of self-determination and the ability to consent to be governed

177
Q

Liberty definition

A

The most essential quality of American democracy; it is both the freedom from governmental interference in citizens’ lives and the freedom to pursue happiness

178
Q

Property definition

A

Anything that can be owned

179
Q

Consent of the governed definition

A

The idea that, in a democracy, the government’s power derives from the consent of the people

180
Q

Majority rule definition

A

The idea that in a democracy, only policies with 50 percent plus one vote are enacted, and only candidates that win 50 percent plus one vote are elected

181
Q

Constitution definition

A

The fundamental principles of a government and the basic structures and procedures by which the government operates to fulfill those principles; may be written or unwritten

182
Q

Confederation definition

A

A union of independent states in which each state retains its sovereignty, that is, the ultimate power to govern, and agrees to work collaboratively on matters the states expressly agree to delegate to a central governing body

183
Q

Unicameral legislature definition

A

A legislative body with a single chamber

184
Q

Dual sovereignty definition

A

A system of government in which ultimate governing authority is divided between two levels of government, a central government and regional governments, with each level having ultimate authority over different policy matters

185
Q

Supremacy clause

A

A clause in Article VI of the constitution that stated that the constitution and the treaties and laws created by the National Government in compliance with the Constitution are the supreme law of the land

186
Q

Separation of powers definition

A

The constitution’s delegation of authority for the primary governing functions among three branches of government so that no one group of government officials controls all the governing functions

187
Q

Checks and balances definition

A

A system in which each branch of government can monitor and limit the functions of the other branches

188
Q

Virginia plan textbook definition

A

The new governmental structure proposed by the Virginia delegation to the Constitutional Convention, which consisted of a bicameral legislation (Congress), an executive elected by by the legislature, and a separate national judiciary; state representation in Congress would be proportional to state pop.; the people would elect members to the lower house, and members of the lowest house would elect the members of the upper house

189
Q

New Jersey Plan textbook definition

A

The proposal presented in response to the Virginia Plan by the less populous states at the Constitutional Convention, which called for a unicameral national legislature in which all states would have an equal voice (equal representation), an executive office composed of several people elected by Congress, and a Supreme Court whose members would be appointed by the executive office.

190
Q

Connecticut compromise textbook definition

A

The compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that created a bicameral legislature with one chamber’s representation based on population and the other chamber having two members for each state (also known as The Great Compromise).

191
Q

Electoral college definition

A

The name given to the body of representatives elected by voters in each state to elect the president and the Vice President

192
Q

Veto definition

A

The president’s rejection of a bill, which is sent back to Congress with the President’s objection noted

193
Q

Advice and consent definition

A

The senate’s authority to approve or reject the president’s top appointments and negotiated treaties

194
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established the power of judicial review which allows the Court to strike down laws passed by other branches that it views to be in conflict with the constitution

195
Q

Judicial review definition

A

Court authority to determine that an action taken by any government official or governing body violates the Constitution; established by Madison v. Marbury

196
Q

Federalists definition

A

Individuals who supported the new Constitution as presented by the Constitutional Convention in 1787

197
Q

Anti-federalists definition

A

Individuals who opposed ratification of the constitution because they were deeply suspicious of the powers it gave to the national government and of the impact those powers would have on states’ authority and the individual freedoms

198
Q

The federalist papers

A

A series of essays, written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay that argued for the ratification of the constitution

199
Q

Bill of Rights definition

A

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, which were ratified in 1791, constituting an enumeration of the individual liberties with which the government is forbidden to interfere.

200
Q

What does the Declaration of Independence state about citizens replacing the government?

A

It is necessary to do so if the government is not serving them and upholding their inalienable rights

201
Q

What is Mercy Otis Warren’s historical significance?

A

He wrote The Columbus Patriot, which summarized the Anti-Federalist position in the debate leading to the ratification of the constitution

202
Q

When did the 9 states ratify the constitution?

A

1788

203
Q

Who was an important Virginian anti federalist?

A

Thomas Jefferson

204
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 1

A

Freedom of expression, religion, speech, the press, assembly and petition

205
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 2

A

The rights to bear arms

206
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 3

A

Military cannot take control of private homes during peace time, nor in wartime (but in war time they can in a way prescribed by law)

207
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 4

A

Gvt must obtain approval to search or seize property - through consent of the searched or a warrant

208
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 5

A

Don’t perjure yourself

209
Q

Bill of rights: amendment 6

A

The right to a speedy, fair, public trial by jury

210
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 7

A

Either party in a federal civil lawsuit involving more than $20 can demand a trial by jury

211
Q

Bill of Rights: Amendment 8

A

No excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishments

212
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 9

A

There are other rights not previously listed that the government cannot deny the people

213
Q

Bill of rights: Amendment 10

A

Rights not delegated to the national government are the rights of the state, or rights of the people

214
Q

Federal system definition

A

A governmental structure with two levels of government in which each level has sovereignty over different policy matters and geographic areas; a system of government with dual sovereignty

215
Q

Unitary systems

A

A governmental system in which one central government is the sovereign government and it creates other, regional governments to which it delegates some governing powers and responsibilities; however, the central government retains ultimate authority (sovereignty).

216
Q

Confederal system definition

A

A governmental structure in which several independent sovereign states agree to cooperate on specified policy matters by creating a central governing body; each sovereign state retains ultimate authority over other governmental matters within its borders, so the central governing body is not a sovereign government

217
Q

Intergovernmental relations (IGR)

A

The interactions of two of more governments (national, state, and local) in their collective efforts to provide good and services to the people they each serve

218
Q

Concurrent Powers definition

A

Basic governing functions that are exercised by the national and state governments independently, and at the same time, including the power to make policy, raise revenue, implement policy, and establish courts

219
Q

Enumerated Powers definition

A

The powers of the national government that are listed in the Constitution

220
Q

Implied powers definition

A

The powers of the national government that are not enumerated in the Constitution but that Congress claims are necessary and proper for the national government to fulfill its enumerated powers in accordance with the necessary and proper clause of the constitution

221
Q

Necessary and proper clause (elastic clause) definition

A

A clause in Article I, section 8 of the constitution that gives Congress the power to do whatever it deems necessary and constitutional to meet its enumerated obligations; the basis for the implied powers

222
Q

Supreme law of the land definition

A

The US Constitution’s description of its own authority, meaning that all laws made by governments within the US must be in compliance with the constitution

223
Q

Reserved powers definition

A

The matters referred to in the tenth amendment over which states retain sovereignty

224
Q

Police powers definition

A

The states’ reserved powers to protect the health, safety, lives, and properties of residents in a state

225
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

The 1819 case that established that the necessary and proper clause justifies broad understandings of enumerated powers

226
Q

Horizontal federalism definition

A

The state-to-state relationships created by the U.S. Constitution

227
Q

Interstate compacts definition

A

Agreements between states that Congress has the authority to review and reject

228
Q

Extradition definition

A

The return of individuals accused of a crime to the state in which the crime was committed upon the request of that state’s governor

229
Q

Privileges and immunities clause definition

A

The Constitution’s requirement that a state extend to other states’ citizens the privileges and immunities it provides for its citizens

230
Q

Full faith and credit clause definition

A

The constitutional clause that requires states to comply with and uphold the public acts, records, and judicial decisions of other states

231
Q

Judicial federalism definition

A

State courts’ use of their state constitutions to determine citizens’ rights, particularly when state constitutions guarantee greater protections than does the U.S. Constitution

232
Q

Dual federalism definition

A

The initial model of national and state relations in which the national government takes care of its enumerated powers while the state governments independently take care of their reserved powers

233
Q

Grant-in-aid (intergovernmental transfer) definition

A

The transfer of money from one government to another government that does not need to paid back

234
Q

Cooperative federalism definition

A

Intergovernmental relations in which the national government supports state governments’ efforts to address the domestic matters reserved to them

235
Q

Centralized federalism definition

A

Intergovernmental relations in which the national government imposes its policy preferences on state and local governments

236
Q

Devolution definition

A

The process whereby the national government returns policy responsibilities to state or local government

237
Q

Conflicted federalism

A

Intergovernmental relations in which elements of dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and centralized federalism are evident in the domestic policies implemented by state and local governments

238
Q

Fiscal federalism definition

A

The relationship between the national government and state and local governments whereby the national government provides grant money to state and local governments

239
Q

Categorical formula grant definition

A

A grant-in-aid for a narrowly defined purpose, whose dollar value is based on a formula

240
Q

Matching funds requirement definition

A

A grant requirement that obligated the government receiving the grant to spend some of its own money to match a specified percentage of the giant money provided

241
Q

Categorical project grant definition

A

A grant-in-aid for a narrowly defined purpose for which governments compete with each other by proposing specific projects

242
Q

Block grant definition

A

A grant-in-aid for a broadly defined policy area, whose funding amount is typically based on a formula

243
Q

Mandates definition

A

Clauses in legislation that direct state and local governments to comply with national legislation and national standards

244
Q

Preemption definition

A

The constitutionally based principle that allows a national law to supersede state or local laws

245
Q

Waivers definition

A

Exemptions from particular conditions normally attached to grants

246
Q

What does the 16th Amendment do?

A

Expanded the national government’s ability to raise revenue, fueling its use of the grants-in-aid and development of fiscal federalism and IGR

247
Q

Bicameral legislature definition

A

Legislature compromising of two parts, called chambers

248
Q

Natural rights definition

A

The rights possessed by all humans as a gift from nature, or God, including the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (also called unalienable rights)

Poli Sci 2 (4 decks)

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