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Neuromanagement > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 steps to OT process

A

Theory, evaluation, problem definition, intervention plan, intervention implementation, re-evaluation

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2
Q

What is a FOR?

A

Vehicle for putting abstract ideas into practice, pieces theories together

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3
Q

Restorative approach

A

remediate, BOTTOM UP, restore brain pathway, specific foundational skills- CIMT, RESTORE SPECIFIC PROCESSES

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4
Q

Adaptive approach

A

adapt task or environment - TOP DOWN, increase time to complete, practice, LESSEN FXNAL DEFICITS

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5
Q

WHICH MODELS APPLY TO ADAPTIVE APPROACH>

A

MOHO, OA, EHP, PEO

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6
Q

WHEN A PERSON IS LETHARGIC, HOW DO THEY PRESENT?

A

OPENS EYES TO VERBAL STIM
SLOW BUT APPROPRIATE RESP
SHORT ATTN SPAN
OBTUNDED

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7
Q

WHEN A PERSON IS AT AN ALERTNESS LEVEL OF STUPOR, HOW DO THEY PRESENT?

A

RESPOND TO PHYSICAL STIM WITH GROANS, NEVER FULLY AWAKE, UNCLEAR, CONFUSED

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8
Q

SEMICOMATOSE

A

PAINFUL STIMULI, NO VERBAL RESP, PROTEXTIVE REFLEXES PRESENT

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9
Q

COMATOSE

A

ONLY RESPONDS TO PAINFUL STIM, NO PROTECTIVE REFLEXES, PUPILS FIXATED, NO VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

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10
Q

UNCONCIOUS

A

STUPOR - COMATOSE

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11
Q

PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE

A

NO COGNITIVE BRAIN FUNCTION, NO SLEEP-WAKE CYCLES

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12
Q

BRAIN DEAD

A

ONLY REFLEXIVE MOVEMENTS

NO COG FX

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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE FIVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF STIMULI

A

VOICE, TOUCH, SHAKE, SHAKE AND VOICE, NOXIOUS

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14
Q

GLASGLOW - EYE OPENING

A

SPONTANEOUS - 4, TO SPEECH-3, PAIN-2, NIL-1

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15
Q

GLASGLOW - BEST MOTOR RESPONSE

A 
6- OBEYS
5- LOCALIZE
4 - WITHDRAWS
3-ABNORMAL FLEXION
2- EXTENSOR RESPONSE
1 - NIL
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16
Q

Glasglow - verbal

A 
5 - oriented
4 - confused conversation
3 - inappropriate words
2 - incomprehensible sounds
1 - Nil
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17
Q

Glasglow predictors

A

13 - mild
9-12 - moderate
<8 - severe (coma)

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18
Q

What appearance aspects should you asses when first seeing a pt?

A

grooming, aids, dress, eye deviation, skin composure

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19
Q

What is Battle’s sign?

A

bruising over mastoid - skull fx

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20
Q

Raccoon’s eyes

A

peri- orbital bruising and swell - frontal-basal fx

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21
Q

rhinorrhea

A

CSF draining from nose, fx of cribriform with torn meninges

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22
Q

ottorhea

A

drainage of CSF from ears, fx temporal bone with torn meninges

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23
Q

Decorticate posturing

A

fl, fl, fl, add, internal rotation, pf

critic-spinal tract

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24
Q

Which posturing is more preferable?

A

decorticate because decelerate means brain stem

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25
Q

Decerebrate posturing

A

ext, fl, add, pronation w/pf

brainstem

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26
Q

what is opisthotonus?

A

severe m spasm of neck and back

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27
Q

Orientation x 4

A

person, place, time, why?

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28
Q

bottom up

A

component skills

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29
Q

top down

A

performance in task

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30
Q

Where would an injury be if a pt showed these primitive reflexes; MORO, GRASP, FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL?

A

SPINE

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31
Q

Where would an injury be if a pt showed these primitive reflexes; ATNR, STNR, Tonic lab, positive supporting, associated reactions?

A

brainstem

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32
Q

Which reflex would occur if injury was at the mid-brain

A

righting-reaction

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33
Q

Which reflex would occur if injury was at the basal ganglia?

A

protective extension

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34
Q

UMN

A

motor cortex to brainstem / interneurons in ventral horn
spasticity
hyperactive reflex

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35
Q

LMN

A

vetral horn to skeletal muscles, link btw UMN and muscles
flaccidity, hypotonia
hypoactive reflex

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36
Q

tone

A

resistance of a muscle to passive elongation or stretching

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37
Q

Muscle tone continuum

A

rigidity > spasticity > normal > hypotonia > flaccid

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38
Q

High tone

A

rigidity

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39
Q

low tone

A

flaccidity (complete loss of muscle tone)

40
Q

Ashworth scale 0

A

no increase

41
Q

Ashworth scale 1

A

slight increase in tone with catch at end of ROM

42
Q

Ashworth scale 1 +

A

slight increase in tone with catch at end of ROM, minimal resistance throughout motion

43
Q

Ashworth scale 2

A

more marked tone, resistance throughout movement but easily moved

44
Q

Ashworth scale 3

A

considerable tone, PROM difficult

45
Q

Ashworth scale 4

A

rigid in flexion and extension

46
Q

Ashworth scale 9

A

unable to test

47
Q

clonus

A

uncontrolled oscillations

48
Q

cogwheel rigidity

A

jerky resistance

49
Q

clasp knife

A

prolonged stretch will stretch muscle

50
Q

coordination

A

ability to produce accurate, controlled movement

51
Q

Problem with synergy?

A

abnormal or disordered motor control

52
Q

Co-activation problems?

A

Agonist & antagonist muscles both fire, preventing functional movement

53
Q

What are the stages of motor learning?

A

Cognitive - Associative - autonomous
cognitive - slow, errors, demonstrations valuable
associative - correct and error distinction, finer details
autonomous - automatic, stable

54
Q

NDT

A

Tactile stim
normal sequences and balance
Treatment focuses on inhibiting or eliminating patterns, normalizing postural tone, promoting active control of movements

55
Q

NDT Facilitation

A

when tone has normalized
autonomic postural control
wt bearing

56
Q

NDT Inhibition

A

abnormal tone and coordination
decrease spasticity
reflex inhibiting patterns

57
Q

NDT techniques

A

weight-bearing
trunk rotation
trunk elongation
encourage scapular protraction

58
Q

PNF

A

auditory, visual, tactile
proximal to distal
entire movement patterns

59
Q

UE D1 Flex and ext

A

PNF
midline cross pick apple
midline cross
throw away

60
Q

UE D2 flex and ext

A

PNF
midline cross unbuckle seatbelt
midline cross
put it away

61
Q

Rood

A

tactile: light touch and brushing, thermal
Proprioceptive: quick stretch, vibration, heavy jt comp, resistance

62
Q

What are inhibitory techniques?

A 
Slow stroking
Neutral warmth
Prolonged cooling
Prolonged stretch
Joint approximation
Tendon pressure
Gentle rocking
63
Q

Brunnstrom’s Movement Therapy

A

development in reverse - reflexes

64
Q

STNR

A

flex head - flex UE, Ext LE

65
Q

TLabR

A

supine - extend

prone - flex

66
Q

Tonic Lumbar

A

R trunk rot, R UE flex, R LE ext, L UE ext, L LE flex

67
Q

synergy

A

group of muscles acting together in a stereotyped manner

68
Q

UE Flexion synergy - Brunnstrom’s

A 
scapulas - add and elev
shoulder - external rotation, 90 abduction xx
elbow flex ****
forearm sup
wrist flex
fingers flex
69
Q

UE Extension synergy - Brunnstrom’s

A 
scapulas - dep and abd
shoulder - internal and add ****
elbow ext XXX
forearm pron
wrist flex/ext
fingers flex/ext
70
Q

Associated Reactions - Brunnstrom’s

A

UE - direct

LE - inverse

71
Q

Homolateral limb synkinesis

A

UE flexion evokes LE flexion

72
Q

Ramiste’s Phenomenon

A

resisted abd evokes contralateral abd

73
Q

Soque’s Phenomenon

A

Automatic extension of the fingers when the shoulder is abducted or flexed beyond 90 degrees.

74
Q

Brunnstrom’s Recovery Stages UE

A

Stage 1 Flaccid
Stage 2 basic limb synergies weak, spasticity starts
Stage 3 basic limb synergies voluntary, spas marked
stage 4 spastic
stage 5 relative synergy independence
stage 6 coordination
Stage 7 normal

75
Q

What are the two stages of the True Grasp Reflex?

A

catching phase - weak contractions of flexors & adductors of the digits
holding phase - occurs only if traction is made on the tendons activated during the catching phase, as long as traction is maintained, it will continue

76
Q

What are the fxs of the sensory systems?

A 
Vision
Hearing
Smell and taste
Touch
Pain
Proprioception – where your body is in space
Vestibular Functioning
77
Q

Special senses?

A

Olfaction
Vision
Gustation - taste
Audition, balance and equilibrium

78
Q

Sensory modalities?

A

light, sound, taste, temperature, pressure, and smell.

79
Q

What are the two types of sensory systems?

A

Special and somatosensory (sensory)

80
Q

If there is no pain or temperature, will fine touch be resent?

A

no

81
Q

Graphesthesia

A

ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch.

82
Q

fovea

A

takes signals from light and send neural signals to the brain to stimulate visual recognition
Greatest ability to process detail

83
Q

macula

A

Where vision is most highly developed within retina

84
Q

What are the four primary spatial components for visual acuity?

A

frequency?
Orientation?
Contrast?
Intensity?

85
Q

WBC

A

5-10

86
Q

Hemoglobin

A

M 14-17.4

F 12-16

87
Q

hematocrit

A

M 42-52

F 37-47

88
Q

Na

A

134-142

89
Q

K

A

3.7-5.1

90
Q

CA

A

8.6-10.3

91
Q

Glucose

A

70-100
fasting 90-130
diabetes >126
>200

92
Q

A1C

A

norm<5.7
pre 5.7-6.4
DM >6.4

93
Q

HDL

A

M >40

F >50

94
Q

LDL

A

<100

95
Q

Triglycerides

A

<150

96
Q

Chol

A

<200

Neuromanagement (9 decks)

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