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Animal Nutrition > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition

A

Study of the processes where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized by living cells for productive processes

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2
Q

Nutrition affects

A 
Reproduction
Health
Genetic potential
Physical ability
Emotional state 
Production
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3
Q

Feed accounts for how much production cost

A

45-76%

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4
Q

Basic nutrionists

A

Study metabolism, cellular and sub cellular biochemistry

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5
Q

Applied nutritionist

A

Cost effective animal feeding, real world problems

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6
Q

Antoine Lavoisier

A

1743-1794, French man, founder of science of nutrition, head of weights and measures, combustion

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7
Q

Nutrient

A

Any chemical, element or compound in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes

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8
Q

Essential nutrient

A

Can’t be made by the body, can’t be synthesized in great enough quantities to support life processes

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9
Q

Nonessential nutrient

A

Can be made by the body

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10
Q

Essential nutrient classification

A

Water, carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

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11
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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12
Q

Disaccharides

A

Lactose, sucrose, maltose

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13
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Starch- amylose, amylopectin

Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

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14
Q

Monogastrics need

A

Glucose

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15
Q

Ruminants need

A

volatile fatty acids

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16
Q

Ruminants can digest

A

Cellulose

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17
Q

Monogastrics need

A

Starch

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18
Q

Fats consist of what specific essential fatty acids

A

Linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic

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19
Q

10 amino acids

A

Phenylaline
Valine
Threonine

Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine

Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

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20
Q

Macro minerals- %in diet

A

Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfur

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21
Q

Micro minerals- ppm or ppb

A

Copper, iodine, cobalt, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iron, selenium

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22
Q

Vitamin classes

A

Fat soluble- absorbed with fat

Water soluble- not stored

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23
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A-vision
D-bone
E-antioxidant
K- blood clotting

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24
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Biotin, choline, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C

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25
Q

Energy

A

Carbs, fats, protein

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26
Q

Water

A

Most common substance found on earth

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27
Q

How many gallons of water does it take to produce 1 Lb of body weight

A

1368 gallons

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28
Q

Properties of water

A 
Liquid at variety of temps
Boils at 100 degrees C
Freezes 0 degrees C
High specific heat
High surface tension
High latent heat of vaporization
Polar solvent
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29
Q

Functions of water

A 
Transport medium
Temperature regulator
Lubricant
Cell turgidity and shape
Hydrolysis
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30
Q

Water requirement is influence by

A

Environment, diet, age and stage of production

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31
Q

Waters role in body heat regulation

A

Body heat production- cell is exothermic, activity, metabolism, digestion
Dissipation of heat- high specific heat and heat of vaporization

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32
Q

Conditions desirable for evaporative heat loss

A

Low humidity, air movement, plenty of drinking water

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33
Q

Water management to cool animals

A

Mist, tank, pond all periodic

34
Q

Sources of water

A

Free liquid, water in feed, metabolic water

35
Q

Metabolic water production

A

Fat produces most metabolic water

36
Q

Animal dehydration

A

Acute due to no water intake
Chronic which causes scours, UTI problems
Water intoxication

37
Q

Amino acids are composed of

A

15% carbon
7% hydrogen
23% oxygen
16% nitrogen

38
Q

Formula for CP from nitrogen

A

%N X 6.25 = %CP

39
Q

Proteins involved in body metabolism

A

Enzymes, hormones, immune system, transport within body

40
Q

Enzymes

A

Lipase, Maltese, trypsin

41
Q

Hormones

A

Growth hormone, insulin

Regulate metabolism

42
Q

Immune system

A

Antibodies are proteins

IgG, IgA, IgM

43
Q

Transport within the body

A

Chylomicron

Albumin

44
Q

Glucogenic acids

A

Glycine, alanine, threonine, cystine, methionine

Converted to glucose

45
Q

Ketogenic amino acids

A

Lysine, leucine

Converted to acetyl CoA-> ketones

46
Q

Protein and AA deficiencies

A 
Reduced growth
Reduce feed efficiency
Anorexia
Fatty liver
Infertility
Reduced birth weight
Reduced milk production
47
Q

Minerals must be…?

A

Provided in diet

They are inorganic
Needed in small amounts
Needed for production maintenance and reproduction

48
Q

Requirements for minerals

A

Age, physiological status, body storage, environment

49
Q

Minerals of concern in drinking water

A

Arsenide, cadmium, chromium, fluorine, lead, nitrates, nitrites, salt

50
Q

Loss of H20 affects

A

Lungs, urine, sweat

51
Q

Absorption

A

Occurs about every tissues

Passive diffusion

52
Q

Fats/ lipids

A

Wide variety, all hate water, 2.25 more energy than carbs

53
Q

Two types of lipids

A

Unsaturated- double bonds

saturated- single bonds

54
Q

Monoglyceride

A

One

55
Q

Calcium functions

A

Bone development, muscle contractions, blood clotting, primary mineral in body

56
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

Rickets, milk fever

57
Q

Phosphorus functions

A

Bone development, ATP, nucleic acid

58
Q

Phosphorus deficiency

A

Paralysis, tetany, reduced growth

59
Q

Magnesium functions

A

Bone development, energy metabolism, CNS

60
Q

Magnesium deficiency

A

Grass tetany, convulsions

61
Q

Na/K/Cl functions

A

Electrolyte balance

62
Q

Na/K/Cl deficiency

A

Altered electrolyte balance, drink urine, stress, dehydration

63
Q

Sulfur- ruminants only- functions

A

Protein synthesis, wool growth

64
Q

Sulfur deficiency

A

Poor wool growth, poor microbial protein synthesis

65
Q

Copper function

A

Red blood cell formation, collagen formation, antibiotic effect

66
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Anemia, toxic to sheep

67
Q

Iron functions

A

Hemoglobin synthesis

68
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Anemia, baby pigs especially

69
Q

Se functions

A

Antioxidant

70
Q

Se deficiency

A

White muscle disease

71
Q

Zinc functions

A

Bone growth, cofactors with insulin

72
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Parakeratosis

73
Q

Calcium sources

A

Limestone, oyster shells

74
Q

Phosphorus sources

A

Dicalcium phosphate, oyster shells

75
Q

Magnesium sources

A

Magnesium oxide

76
Q

Na/K/Cl sources

A

Salt

77
Q

Sulfur sources

A

Sodium sulfate

78
Q

What 3 chemicals do carbohydrates contain

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

79
Q

Ratio of C:H:O in carbs

A

1:2:1

80
Q

Carbs are the principle energetic source of

A

Livestock: starch or cellulose

81
Q

Carbs occupy how much of the diet

A

80%

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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