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Animal Nutrition > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Organs of avian digestive tract

A

Mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, cloaca

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2
Q

Avian mouth

A

No teeth, no soft palate, small and poorly developed salivary glands, no digestion

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3
Q

Avian esophagus

A

Connects mouth to proventriculus, dilation=crop

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4
Q

Crop avian

A

Dilation of esophagus, primary fxn, food storage, moistens food, fermentation (some species) varies in size with eating habits

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5
Q

Avian Proventriculus

A

Varies in size with species, comparable to glandular stomach in mammals or abomasum in ruminants, gastric juice production, low pH, ingesta passes rapidly

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6
Q

Avian gizzard

A

Grinding organ, muscular, varies in size, grit for grinding fees particles, no enzymes secreted by enzymes from PV work here

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7
Q

Avian small intestine

A

Fxns in digestive and absorption, duodenum, jejunum and ileum, length varies, generally same enzymes as mammals

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8
Q

Avian ceca

A

Location at the junction of SI and LI, two presents, size varies by diet, some water absorption, some fiber digestion, water soluble vitamin synthesis

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9
Q

Avian LI

A

Relatively short, no distinct rectum or colon, main site of water absorption, vitamin K synthesis

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10
Q

Avian cloaca

A

Common orifice for feces and urine, copulation and egg laying in females

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11
Q

Canine mastication

A

Canine teeth- ripping and tearing
Molars- mastication
Salivary glands-lubrication of food

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12
Q

Canine chemical digestion

A

HCL, pepsin(oven)

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13
Q

Canine stomach types of digestion

A

Chemical, enzymatic, physical, mechanical

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14
Q

Canine pancreas enzymes

A

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, amylase, lipase

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15
Q

Canine large intestine enzymes

A

Enterokinase, aminopeptidase, lactase, sucrase, maltase

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16
Q

Canine cecum

A

Not well developed

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17
Q

Canine LI (colons)

A

Water absorption, electrolyte absorption

18
Q

Canine fermentation

A

Dependent on diet

19
Q

Ruminant mouth

A

No upper incisors, dental pad, particle size reduced by teeth grinding, saliva (moistens and provides buffer for VFAs)

20
Q

Ruminant esophagus

A

Same function as monogastrics

21
Q

Ruminant complex stomach compartments

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

22
Q

Abomasum

A

True glandular stomach, lined with mucus membrane and gastric juice secreted

23
Q

Rumen forestomachs

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, not glandular

24
Q

Rumen anatomy

A

Act as anaerobic bacterial fermentation, undeveloped at birth, first place food goes, some food bypass anaerobic fermentation

25
Q

Rumen storage of food

A

Consume larger amounts, can digest later, regurgitation and re mastication, forage processing machines

26
Q

Rumen wall anatomy

A

Covered with papillae, small finger like projections, increased surface area, influence by diet and season

27
Q

Rumen esophageal groove

A

Groove which can contract and form tube to bypass rumen/reticulum, empties into omasum

28
Q

Esophageal groove function

A

Allow milk to pass directly to omasum and abomasum, keep milk out of young ruminants undeveloped rumen

29
Q

Reticulum anatomy

A

Honey comb, site of microbial action And absorption of VFAs, pacemaker for rumen contractions

30
Q

Reticulum function

A

Contractions start in reticulum, mixes rumen contents, heavy particles move to bottom, lighter ones float, lighter particles subject to rumination

31
Q

Omasum anatomy

A

Some water absorption, some mechanical digestion, regulates particle size flowing to abomasum

32
Q

Abomasum anatomy

A

True stomach, secretions, HCL-denatures protein, mucin and pepsin

33
Q

SI and LI

A

Similar to non ruminants

34
Q

Post gastric fermentation (cecum and colon)

A

5-15% cellulytic digestion can occur here, VFAs produced and absorbed in LI, water absorption

35
Q

Rumen provides favorable environment

A

Warmth, moisture, daily food supply, pH controlled, dark- no UV light, mixing, oxygen free, end products removed, ruminates and masticates

36
Q

Ruminant fermentation relationship

A

Microorganisms and animal live in symbiosis, animal benefit from MO digestions, MO have a place to live

37
Q

Microbial species of fermentation

A

Bacteria- digest cellulose, starch, protein, 15-50 billion/mL
Protozoa- prey on bacteria 20,000-500,000mL
Yeast- aid in cellulose breakdown

38
Q

How many MO in rumen

A

2.5 x 10^15

39
Q

End products of fermentation

A

VFAs, microbial protein, ammonia, gas, heat, lipid alterations

40
Q

Fermentation process

A

Starch and fiber-> VFA
Protein-> amino acid-> NH3 -> microbial protein
Unsaturated fats-> saturated fats

41
Q

Microorganisms found in rumen

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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