Test 1 Flashcards
The femur, ulna, and radius are examples of
Long bones
The talks and capitate are examples of what?
Short bones
The scapula and sternum are examples of what?
Flat bones
The sphenoid bone and the vertebra are examples of what?
Irregular bones
The patella is an example of what?
Sesamoid bone
Grow out from the bone
Process
Openings, holes, grooves for structures
Indent in the bone
Cavities
rounded prominence that articulates with another bone
Condyle
a small, flat, smooth surface; serve for attachment to other
structures
Facet
Prominent, rounded projection @ proximal end
Head
Prominent, ridgelike, narrow projection
Crest
a small projection located on or above a condyle
Epicondyle
ridge less prominent than crest
Line
a projection from a bone
Process
Very large projection
Trochanter
An obvious round, or roughened lump (larger than tubercle)
Tuberosity
a smaller rounded bump bone
Tubercle
A cut out area for nerves or vessels
Notch
a hole completely through the bone
Foramen
hollow, depression, or flattened surface
Fossa
very small pit or depression
Fovea
furrow or groovelike depression on a bone
Groove
cavity or hollow space within a bone
Sinus
Closer to the head
Superior
Farther away from the head
Inferior
The front of the body
Anterior
The back of the body
Posterior
Closer to the middle of the body’s medial line
Medial
Farther away from the body’s mid line
Distal
Closer to the trunk of the body (only relates to limbs
Proximal
Farther away from the trunk of the body (only relates to the limbs)
Distal
Cranial is synonymous for
Superior
Caudal is synonymous for
Inferior
Dorsal is synonymous with
Posterior
Ventral is synonymous with
Ventral
On back
Supine
On stomach
Prone
relating to or denoting the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs.
Contralateral
Anterior side of the cubital fossa (elbow pit)
Antecubital
Relating to the back part of the leg (knee pit)
Popliteal
Relating to the head
Cephalic
- Divides body into left and right halves
- Terms: medial and Lateral
- Actions: Flexion and Extension
- Midsagittal: midline (divides into 2 symmetrical halves)
Sagittal Plane
- Divides body into front and back portions
- Terms: anterior and posterior
- Actions: abduction and adduction
Frontal (Coronal) Plane
- Divides body into upper and lower portions
- Terms: superior and inferior
- Actions: rotation
Transverse (horizontal) Plane
A straight line around which an object rotates
Axis
horizontally posterior-anterior… frontal plane (divides ant/post)
Sagittal Axis
Horizontally left-right… sagittal plane (divides left/right)
Frontal Axis
Vertically inferior-superior transverse plane (divides inferior/superior)
Vertical Axis
Bends a joint
Flexion
Straightens a joint
Extension
Moving away from the mid line
Abduction
Moving medially toward the midline
Addiction
Combination of flex, ext, abd, add
Circumduction
Turning away from midline
External Rotation
Turning in towards midline
Internal Rotation
Anterior movement “protrude”
Protraction
Posterior movement “retreat”
Retraction
At 90* of abduction, the arm moves backwards
Horizontal Abduction
Point your toes
Press gas pedal
Plantarflexion
Bringing foot towards you
–Let off the gas pedal
Dorsiflexion
Turn in
Inversion
Turn out
Eversion
Bending the pinky
towards the ulna
Ulnar Deviation
Bending the thumb
towards the radius
Radial deviation
Palm faces upwards
–Holding a bowl of soup
Supination
Jaw down
Depression
Jaw up
Elevation
Involuntary muscles in organs
Smooth muscle
Only in heart
Cardiac muscle
Muscles that move voluntarily
Skeletal muscle
Run parallel to the length of the muscle
Parallel muscle
Shorter fibers that run obliquely to their tendons
Pennate muscle
Attach muscle to bone
•Specifically to the periosteum of the bone
•Composed of dense connective tissue shaped into bundles of parallel collagen fibers
•Different shapes
Tendons
Connect bones together at a joint
•Strengthen and Stabilize joints
•Made of dense connective tissue (poorly vascularized)
•Fibers have more uneven configuration
Ligament
Is for form of dense connective tissue
•Continuous sheet of fibrous membrane located beneath the skin and around muscles
•Superficial and Deep fascia
Fascia
Holds an organ or tissue in place
•Transverse thickening of the deep fascia which straps down tendons
•Most are superficial and accessible
Retinaculum
Pulse can be found in?
Artery
Arteries are ______ than the vein
Deeper
- Small, fluid filled sack that reduces friction between 2 structures
- Primarily around joints
- Sometimes between muscles
Bursa
- Ligaments
2. Soft tissues (muscles)
3. Bony architecture of the joint
What limits joint movement
Joined by connective tissue fiber & are immovable
•Subcategories = sutures joint or syndesmosis (ligamentous; slightly moveable)
Fibrous joint
Joined by hyaline or fibrocartilage, allows slight movement
•Subcategories = synchondroses and symphyses
Cartilaginous joint
Freely moveable
•Are diarthroidal
Synovial joints
one bone across the surface of another
Gliding movement
movements change the angle between bones
Angular movement
movement around a bone’s long axis
Rotation movement
part of the ascending pathway of the brain
Afferent
part of the descending pathway of the brain
Efferent
Motor units are recruited from smallest to largest
–Slow-twitch, low-force fibers before fast-twitch, high-force (these muscle types fatigue faster)
Size principle
I.Olfactory II.Optic III.Oculomotor IIII.Trochlear V.Trigeminal VI.Abducent
Cranial nerved
