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EMT > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:

A

State office of EMS

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2
Q

The continuous quality improvement process is designed to

A

Identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed

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3
Q

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should

A

Keep the weight as close to your body as possible

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4
Q

Which proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weights up to ____ pounds

A

220

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5
Q

When providing care to a patient, blood got into the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe?

A

Indirect contact

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6
Q

Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via

A

Animals or insects

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7
Q

If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she:

A

May develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection

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8
Q

The general adaptation syndrome is characterized by which following phases?

A

Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

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9
Q

Physiologic manifestations of stress include:

A

Perspirations, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils

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10
Q

To minimize the risk of litigation the EMT should always

A

Provide competent care that meets current standards

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11
Q

What type of consent is involved when a 39-yr-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital

A

Expressed

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12
Q

What section of the health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPPA) most affects EMS personnel

A

Protecting patient privacy

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13
Q

Ethnocentrism is defined as

A

Considering your own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture

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14
Q

A 60 year old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which question would be most appropriate to ask him?

A

Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?

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15
Q

When you begin an oral report you should state

A

The patient’s age, sex and chief complaint

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16
Q

Two way communication that requires the EMT to push to talk and release to listen describes what mode of communication?

A

Simplex

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17
Q

The ________ plane separated the body into left and right halves

A

Midsagittal

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

Mastoid
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygoma

A

Mastoid

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19
Q

Name the areas of the spinal column in descending order

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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20
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle, scapula, humerus

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21
Q

Which of the following structures does not contain smooth muscle?

Blood vessels
Urinary system
Skeletal system
Gastrointestinal tract

A

Skeletal system

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22
Q

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

A

9 and 18 months

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23
Q

What regarding middle adults is correct?

A

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue, along with cancer

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24
Q

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

A

The blood vessels become stiff

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25
Q

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

A

Elasticity of the lungs decreases

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26
Q

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

A

Mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death

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27
Q

The term pharmacology is most accurately defined as

A

The study of drugs and their actions on the body

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28
Q

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that

A

Blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them

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29
Q

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

A

Sublingually

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30
Q

Aspirin is beneficial to patients of having a heart attack because it

A

Prevents the aggregation of platelets

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31
Q

The goal of the primary assessment is to

A

Identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions

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32
Q

What pupillary change would indicate depressed brain function?

A

Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light

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33
Q

Typical methods of assessing a patient’s breathing do not include

A

Observing for nasal flaring during inhalation

34
Q

What most accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

A

Only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls

35
Q

What regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries

36
Q

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following except:

Alveoli
Trachea
Epiglottis
Bronchioles

A

Epiglottis

37
Q

Which of the following statements regarding positive pressure ventilation is correct

A

With positive pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing

38
Q

How does positive pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

A

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output

39
Q

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems

A

It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane

40
Q

Shock is the result of:

A

Hypoperfusion to the cells of the body

41
Q

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is

A

Carbon dioxide

42
Q

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during

A

Cardiogenic shock

43
Q

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is most important to remember that

A

Blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

44
Q

When perfusion to the core of the body decreases

A

Blood is shunted away from the skin

45
Q

BLS is defined as

A

Noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest

46
Q

What statement regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) is most correct

A

Survival rates decrease by 7-10% for each minute V-fib persists

47
Q

A 60 year old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

A

Begin CPR until an AED is available

48
Q

In two rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:

A

30:2

49
Q

Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic 30 yr old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:

A

Perform 30 chest compressions

50
Q

Which skin layer contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels and nerve endings?

A

Dermis

51
Q

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space

Spleen
Kidneys
Gallbladder
Abdominal aorta

A

Kidneys

52
Q

When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first:

A

Repeat the primary assessment

53
Q

A crackling sound is produced by air bubbles under the skin is called

A

Subcutaneous emphysema

54
Q

You are performing mouth to mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

A

55%

55
Q

Capillary sphincters are:

A

Circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries

56
Q

The ______ is both the mechanical weight bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle

A

Sacrum

57
Q

Online medical control requires

A

Phone or radio contact with the medical director

58
Q

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

A

Is excessively thirsty

59
Q

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence

A

Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

60
Q

The _____ of the heart of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles

A

Apex

61
Q

AAA is an abbreviation for

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

62
Q

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

A

Obstructive

63
Q

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the

A

Foramen magnum

64
Q

The areas of the infants skull that have not yet fused together are called

A

Fontanelles

65
Q

Large amounts of ATP are generated when:

A

The cells function with adequate oxygen

66
Q

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is most directly related to

A

Shrinkage of the brain

67
Q

Atherosclerosis is defined as

A

The blockage of a coronary artery

68
Q

If a patient’s chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient’s respiratory rate is normal, then you should suspect that

A

Minute volume is decreased

69
Q

In preconventional reasoning, children

A

Act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want

70
Q

Systolic pressure represents

A

Ventricular contraction

71
Q

The central nervous system is composed of the

A

Brain and spinal cord

72
Q

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma

A

Jaw thrust maneuver

73
Q

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he for she

A

Has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone

74
Q

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

A

Uric acid and nitrogen

75
Q

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called

A

Ventilation

76
Q

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone

A

Slow respirations

77
Q

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called

A

Hypotension

78
Q

Your patient has decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to

A

Shock

79
Q

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

Bayer
Advil
Excedrin
Aspirin

A

Aspirin

80
Q

CPR should be initiated when

A

A valid living will is unavailable

EMT (15 decks)

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