Test 1 Flashcards
The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:
State office of EMS
The continuous quality improvement process is designed to
Identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed
To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should
Keep the weight as close to your body as possible
Which proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weights up to ____ pounds
220
When providing care to a patient, blood got into the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe?
Indirect contact
Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via
Animals or insects
If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she:
May develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection
The general adaptation syndrome is characterized by which following phases?
Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery
Physiologic manifestations of stress include:
Perspirations, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils
To minimize the risk of litigation the EMT should always
Provide competent care that meets current standards
What type of consent is involved when a 39-yr-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital
Expressed
What section of the health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPPA) most affects EMS personnel
Protecting patient privacy
Ethnocentrism is defined as
Considering your own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture
A 60 year old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which question would be most appropriate to ask him?
Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?
When you begin an oral report you should state
The patient’s age, sex and chief complaint
Two way communication that requires the EMT to push to talk and release to listen describes what mode of communication?
Simplex
The ________ plane separated the body into left and right halves
Midsagittal
Which of the following is not a facial bone?
Mastoid
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygoma
Mastoid
Name the areas of the spinal column in descending order
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
What makes up the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle, scapula, humerus
Which of the following structures does not contain smooth muscle?
Blood vessels
Urinary system
Skeletal system
Gastrointestinal tract
Skeletal system
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
9 and 18 months
What regarding middle adults is correct?
Cardiovascular health becomes an issue, along with cancer
With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:
The blood vessels become stiff
Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:
Elasticity of the lungs decreases
According to the terminal drop hypothesis:
Mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death
The term pharmacology is most accurately defined as
The study of drugs and their actions on the body
A medication with antagonistic properties is one that
Blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them
How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?
Sublingually
Aspirin is beneficial to patients of having a heart attack because it
Prevents the aggregation of platelets
The goal of the primary assessment is to
Identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions
What pupillary change would indicate depressed brain function?
Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light
Typical methods of assessing a patient’s breathing do not include
Observing for nasal flaring during inhalation
What most accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?
Only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls
What regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries
Structures of the lower airway include all of the following except:
Alveoli
Trachea
Epiglottis
Bronchioles
Epiglottis
Which of the following statements regarding positive pressure ventilation is correct
With positive pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing
How does positive pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?
It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output
How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems
It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane
Shock is the result of:
Hypoperfusion to the cells of the body
One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is
Carbon dioxide
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during
Cardiogenic shock
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is most important to remember that
Blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock
When perfusion to the core of the body decreases
Blood is shunted away from the skin
BLS is defined as
Noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest
What statement regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) is most correct
Survival rates decrease by 7-10% for each minute V-fib persists
A 60 year old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:
Begin CPR until an AED is available
In two rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:
30:2
Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic 30 yr old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:
Perform 30 chest compressions
Which skin layer contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels and nerve endings?
Dermis
Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space
Spleen
Kidneys
Gallbladder
Abdominal aorta
Kidneys
When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first:
Repeat the primary assessment
A crackling sound is produced by air bubbles under the skin is called
Subcutaneous emphysema
You are performing mouth to mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?
55%
Capillary sphincters are:
Circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries
The ______ is both the mechanical weight bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle
Sacrum
Online medical control requires
Phone or radio contact with the medical director
A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:
Is excessively thirsty
Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence
Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation
The _____ of the heart of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles
Apex
AAA is an abbreviation for
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?
Obstructive
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the
Foramen magnum
The areas of the infants skull that have not yet fused together are called
Fontanelles
Large amounts of ATP are generated when:
The cells function with adequate oxygen
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is most directly related to
Shrinkage of the brain
Atherosclerosis is defined as
The blockage of a coronary artery
If a patient’s chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient’s respiratory rate is normal, then you should suspect that
Minute volume is decreased
In preconventional reasoning, children
Act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want
Systolic pressure represents
Ventricular contraction
The central nervous system is composed of the
Brain and spinal cord
What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma
Jaw thrust maneuver
You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he for she
Has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone
The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:
Uric acid and nitrogen
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called
Ventilation
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone
Slow respirations
Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called
Hypotension
Your patient has decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to
Shock
Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?
Bayer
Advil
Excedrin
Aspirin
Aspirin
CPR should be initiated when
A valid living will is unavailable
