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Mental Health 1CC3 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the term “Mental Illness” open to interpretation?

A
  • what counts as mentally ill changes over time

- people tend to have stereotypical views about the image of good vs bad mental health

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2
Q

What is a Mental Disorder?

A

A category of diagnoses that explains something about how someone feels or behaves.
**Affects thought, mood, and behaviour

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3
Q

What is the view of the Medical Model?

A
  • mental illness is a biological disease like anyother

- it has symptoms, diagnoses and treatment

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4
Q

What is the view of the Pyschological Model?

A
  • the disorder is in the MIND and not the BRAIN
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5
Q

What is the view of the Behavioural Model?

A
  • mental disorder is primarily learned behaviour

- people are conditioned (positively/negatively) through repeated actions

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6
Q

What is the view of the Sociological Model?

A
  • the organization of society influences mental health

- status, money, race, gender can all affect mental health

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7
Q

What is the Biopsychosocial Model?

A
  • a combination of every model
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8
Q

Which model is heavily favoured?

A

The Medical Model

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9
Q

What is Mind/Body Dualism?

A

The idea that the mind and body are closely connected.

  • mental illnesses have have physical symptoms
  • physical illnesses can take a toll on the mind
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10
Q

What is the difference between the terms “Mental Illness” and “Mental Disorder”?

A

“Illness” can be an overarching term, covering many disorders, while “disorder” generally refers to 1. However they are often used interchangeably.

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11
Q

What is the DSM?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: an official account of all mental disorders

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12
Q

What are some issues with the DSM?

A
  • does not talk about cause or treatment
  • lacks hard science
  • ignores context of those diagnosed
  • at the end of the day, it is made by a group of people whose opinions are subjective
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13
Q

What is Mental Illness?

A

Definitions vary; “significant and involuntary deviations from what is usually considered normal behaviour in a particular group or society”

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14
Q

Why is it hard to find the line between distress and disorder?

A
  • it is subjective, not scientifically measurable

- greenberg: “if you say someone isn’t sick, you lose a patient”, so for psychiatrists it is a conflict of interest

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15
Q

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

A

A psychiatrist is an MD, they can prescribe medication, and they have the ability to section. Psychologists are only a PhD, and they lack these abilities.

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16
Q

What is psychotherapy?

A

Essentially, talk therapy

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17
Q

What are somatic therapies?

A

Body therapies

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18
Q

What is an outpatient?

A

Someone who sees a psychiatrist/psychologist on a regular basis, but is not hospitalized and otherwise continues to lead a normal life.

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19
Q

What is Psychosis?

A

A mental state characterized by profound disturbances in thought.
- symptom of various mental disorders

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20
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

A severe mental disorder, characterized by profound disruptions in thinking.

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21
Q

What is the difference between positive (acute) symptoms of schizophrenia and negative (chronic) symptoms?

A

Positive symptoms are something “extra”; something not normally seen in people that the patient has.
Negative Symptoms are something “missing”; things we normally expect to see in people that the patient is lacking.

22
Q

What are the two types of positive symptoms of S?

A

Hallucinations and Delusions

23
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

A false sensory experience

  • audio (hearing voices)
  • visual (seeing things)
24
Q

What is a delusion?

A

Beliefs held despite impossible nature

Ex. Control, grandiosity, paranoia, jealousy, reference, nihilism, somatic, erotomania, guilt

25
Q

What are the two types of Negative symptoms of S?

A

Chronic affective and emotional Disturbances, and Cognitive/Disorganized symptoms

26
Q

What are the chronic and emotional disturbance symptoms of S?

A

Blunted affect, Anhedonia, Asociality, Avolition, Alogia

27
Q

What are the cognitive symptoms of S?

A

Cognitive disturbances, disorganized speech, bizarre behaviour

28
Q

What was Emil Kraeplin’s idea on S?

A
  • he thought that various symptoms that had been thought to be distinct disorders could be grouped together
  • dementia praecox: dementia starting in teens
29
Q

What did Eugen Bleuler think about S?

A
  • realized that it didn’t always start in teens
  • realized it wasn’t the same as dementia
  • came up with the term “Schizophrenia”
30
Q

What is Schizoaffective Disorder

A
  • the “bridge” between S and mood disorders

combines the positive symptoms of S with mood disturbances

31
Q

What are possible causes of S?

A
  • “refrigerator mothers”
  • genetics
  • other biological: ex. birth complications
  • social factors
  • stress
  • BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL : combo
32
Q

What is the Dopamine Hypothesis?

A

The idea that symptoms are product of specific problems of dopamine activity, as antipsychotics decrease dopamine levels.

33
Q

What is the Social Causation Hypothesis?

A

The social environment a person lives in (usually not very nice…) causes them to get S.

34
Q

What is the Social Drift Hypothesis?

A

The symptoms of S cause a person to live in a certain, usually not very nice, environment, because they keep that person from getting a good job or home.

35
Q

What is the main difference between Schizophrenia and a physical illness?

A

People with physical illnesses are cared for, people with S are often treated badly, or exiled from society.

36
Q

What is MDD?

A

Major Depressive Disorder: when one or more depressive episodes occurs without mania

37
Q

What is Persistent Depressive Disorder? (Dysthymia)

A

A chronic disorder similar to MDD, but less severe.

38
Q

What is the “Beareavement Exclusion”?

A

A rule that states that you shouldn’t diagnose someone as depressed if someone they know has died within the last 2 months; they aren’t depressed, just grieving.

39
Q

Why was the Beareavement Exclusion removed from DSM 5?

A
  • why is 2 months the only appropriate grieving period?
  • why does death count more than other upsetting life events?
  • is this just an overmedicalization of grief?
40
Q

What could be the difference between sadness and depression?

A
  • the mood change is persistent
  • little to no stimulus is required for mood change
  • impaired social functioning
41
Q

What is BD?

A

Bipolar Disorder: cycling between mania and depressive episodes.

42
Q

What is mania?

A

An exaggerated good mood, stemming from an unrealistic belief in ability.

43
Q

What is Hypomania?

A

Super-functional semi-main: doesn’t involve the “crash”, individuals are still functional

44
Q

What is DMDD?

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: severe and recurrent temper outbursts in children 6-18, with symptoms beginning by age 10.
- must be observed by 2/3: parents, teachers, peers

45
Q

What disorder is DMDD often argued to be the same as?

A

Defiant Disorder: an ongoing pattern of anger guided disobedience, hostile/defiant behaviour toward authority figures that goes beyond normal childhood behaviour.

46
Q

What is PMDD?

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: in most menstrual cycles in the past year, 5 or more symptoms are felt in the week before menses.

47
Q

Why do we seem to be in a period of “great depression”?

A
  • the culture changes; more “me” based, more victim blaming

- parenting to prevent failure prevents “good” uses of feeling bad

48
Q

What is “Flow”?

A

Doing something that feels better than anything else in the world; hobbies, sports, etc.

49
Q

What is the link between socal media and depression?

A
  • facebook intrusion is linked to lower happiness
  • online social activity is less gratifying than real life
  • more time spent online might be linked to depression
50
Q

What are possible causes of mood disorders?

A
  • life events related to loss (depression) and disruption (mania)
  • interpersonal strife
  • substance abuse
  • genetics
  • beck’s negative schemes
51
Q

What are some possible treatments for mood disorders?

A
  • Beck’s CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy)
  • psychodynamic
  • drugs (SSRI’s are most common)
  • ECT

Mental Health 1CC3 (3 decks)

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