Test #1 Flashcards
myeloid vs lymphoid
lymphoid = T and B cells myeloid = everything else
mechanism of Tpo
produced in liver at constant rate, binds to receptor MPL and promotes platelet production
MPL
receptor for Tpo, leads to production of platelets
bone marrow aspiration occurs…
anywhere in children, axial skeleton in adults
acute vs chronic hematologic malignancies
acute = blast chronic = mature
CD20
B cell marker
Ages of ALL and AML
AML - older
ALL - younger
genetic disorders that cause leukemia
down syndrome, kleinfelter, Turner, neurofirbomtosis, fanconi anemia
clinical presentation of leukemia
leukostasis, BM faliure, coagulopathy, extra medullary manifestations, metabolic abnormalities
leukostatis more common in….
AML
coagulopathy in leukemia
elevated PT and PTT, low fibrinogen
extramedullary manifestations in ALL
lymphadenopathy, mediastinal mass, CNS rare, testes
tumor lysis syndrome
in ALL - massive cell turnover can lead to renal faliure
hypokalemia in AML
tubular damage by lysozyme release in myeloblasts
hypoglycemia in leukemia
artifical after blood draw
Auer rods
linear aggregates of granules in myeloblasts
M3 classification of AML
promyelocytic, hypergranular,
diagnosis of AML vs ALL
AML - lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, esterase in monocytic subtype
ALL - TdT is enzyme in lymphblast
treatment/support in leukemia
- transfusion if platelets below 10,000
- leukostatis - fluids, hydroxyurea, steroids (ALL)
- DIC - replace with FFP and replacement of firbinogen
- tumor lysis - hydration, allopurinol to block uric acid, rasburicase for uric acid
APL - acute promeylotic leukemia
15:17 translocation of retinoic acid
15:17
APL - type of AML (M3), Auer rods, favorable, treatment with retinoic acid
8:21
favorable AML - core Biding factor CBF alteration
unfavorable AML
del5Q del7q, 11q23(MLL), inv3
myeloblast markers
CD13, CD33, CD117
