Test 1 Flashcards
Training to become a counselor involves
addressing personal reactions to your work and countertransference.
Which of the following is one of the many benefits of training to become a counselor?
- Becoming skilled at developing productive, trusting relationships
- Learning to love and live more intensely
- Developing better comprehension of others’ behaviorsAll of the above
Deciding to be a counselor may have larger implications in your life. Which of the following could result from this decision?
•You will have to face your personal fears.
•All of your relationships will change.
•You will develop new expectations and standards for intimacy.
All of the above.
Which of the following best defines counseling itself?
A process designed to stimulate thinking to increase growth
Your goal as a counselor should include:
the integration of special skills into your character and personality style.
Which of the following may influence a counseling practitioner’s style?
•Theoretical orientation
•Personality
•Work setting
All of the above.
Counseling is most likely to be helpful when all of the following are true EXCEPT:
the counselor persuades the client to follow the presented agenda.
Which of the following is most true?
Counselors have strong opinions about client choices but try hard to keep them in check so clients can come to their own decisions.
Counselor training programs are among the most challenging experiences a student can undertake because they:
•demand that you translate learning into action.
•call for honest self-evaluation of motives.
•demand emotional, as well as academic commitment, and investment.
all of the above.
To permit the luxury of liking or disliking the client is an example of:
none of the above.
Which of the following is NOT true about the counseling profession?
The focus is on psychopathological issues
Which of the following would not be considered a helping profession?
•Psychiatry
•Counseling and therapy
•Social work
All of the above are considered to be helping professions
The first individual to use the “talking method” was_____________________.
Freud and his mentor Joseph Breuer
Hippocrates’ contributions to the field of counseling include all but the following:
Assessment methods
Freud’s contributions include which of the following?
Formulated model of personality development
Which of the following suggests why some of Freud’s conclusions may not be accurate?
His cases were primarily middle or upper class women in late Victorian Vienna
He was the first to be awarded the title of “Professor of Psychology”.
William James
Pragmatism is a concept developed by William James because:
It got to the root of deep seated problems
It could be applied to practical situations
both
Parson described a three-part model of career counseling that emphasized all of the following except:
A survey of careers that paid well
All of the following were an influence on the development of the counseling profession except:
An increase in mental health issues
Developing a professional identity as a counselor:
is part of locating yourself in the “culture” of counseling.
Which of the following is NOT a common goal of counselors?
Resolve countertransference issues actively in session.
Visiting different specialty settings:
is viewed as an intrusion by professionals.
Most students enter counseling preparation with:
a limited view of the full scope of professional opportunities.
The role of the counselor is best characterized by their actions designed to:
stimulate natural growth and the development of human potential.
Freud, Loevinger, Erikson, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Super are all examples of ______ theorists.
psychodynamic
Pragmatic applications of _________ are frequently used by counselors to promote client growth toward increasing maturity.
attachment theory
A counseling work environment in a private practice setting provides counselors with:
ethical challenges regarding the generation of income.
Counseling internships and practicum experiences are designed, in part, to:
broaden students’ perspectives of the counseling profession.
The process of selecting a counseling specialty should:
occur early in the training practice to allow maximum opportunity for exploration.
Which of the following means that the counselor does not judge a client?
Congruence
All of the following facilitate development of the therapeutic relationship EXCEPT:
following pre-planned agendas
Openly and honestly communicating what one is feeling on the inside and matching with their affect is called:
attending skills.
The therapeutic relationship:
•is a sufficient condition for behavioral change.
•is the foundation on which various techniques and theoretical orientations can be applied.
both
Which of the following occurs in the beginning stage of the counseling relationship?
•Goals are negotiated. •Patterns are established. •Rapport is developed. Correct All of the above.
Empathy may be described as:
the process of understanding the client’s views, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Data collected in the first interview usually includes:
•the development of the presenting problem.
•previous solutions attempted.
•current and previous functioning levels.
all of the above.
In order to help people resolve conflicts in their relationships, it is most important to:
let clients vent their anger through a Gestalt “empty chair” technique.
During an initial interview with a client, you would want to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:
resolving the presenting problem
Which of the following is defined as a systematic and intentional attempt, using a specified cluster of interpersonal skills, to assist another person to make self-determined improvements in behavior, feelings, or thoughts?
Catharsis
Counseling theory is helpful because:
•it provides a blueprint for action.
•it organizes knowledge and information in ways that allow for easy retrieval.
•it develops rules to explain, predict, and guide behaviors.
all of the above.
One difference between person-centered counseling and traditional counseling is person center counseling:
places emphasis on the client’s autonomy and responsibility.
Person-centered counselors believe the focus of counseling should be on:
interpretation
Person-centered counseling emphasizes communicating from a posture of:
passive acceptance
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of active listening?
It resolves emotional tension.
Which of the following best describes the main goal of the existential approach?
Finding personal meaning in people’s lives, actions, and suffering
One of Freud’s major contributions to the field of therapeutic counseling was:
the idea of levels of awareness, including the unconscious.
Gestalt therapy tends to focus on:
past unfinished emotional business interfering with the present.
Which theory helps clients to change their reality by retelling their story, using circular questioning, and externalizing the problem?
Cognitive therapy
According to Alfred Adler, the purpose of counseling is to:
restore faith in self and to overcome feelings of inferiority.
Action-oriented theories primarily focus on:
behaviorally specific interventions.
The role of the counselor in action-oriented theories tends to be:
passive and insightful.
In behavioral approaches to counseling, clients’ problems are viewed as resulting from:
inheriting poor patterns of behavior.
Which of the following research efforts were translated into action techniques, promoting systematic client change?
•Ivan Pavlov’s salivating dogs and their responses to the ringing dinner bell
•John Watson’s discovery that neurosis can be induced by scaring infants
•B.F. Skinner teaching pigeons to play table tennis
All above
B. F. Skinner’s process of operant conditioning includes which of the following strategies?
•Punishment
•Positive and negative reinforcement
•Extinction
All of the above
The primary goal of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is to:
help clients identify and change their patterns of irrational thinking.
The system of counseling developed by Albert Ellis tends to emphasize logical and rational analysis by employing which of the following strategies?
Guided imagery
Which of the following is NOT an irrational belief according to REBT?
“My feelings are hurt - I can’t stand it!”
Play therapy is most useful for children because:
•play is the primary form of expression for children.
•it is an important way to establish a therapeutic relationship.
•children have limited verbal and cognitive capabilities.
all of the above
“I feel very anxious about my upcoming test” is an example of _____ in Ellis’ REBT.
an activating emotional experience
Most counseling theories have been developed:
through the insights of clinicians.
In exploring whether a particular counseling theory may be helpful in your work with clients, all of the following are influential factors EXCEPT:
counselor’s clear boundary of unshared power.
In developing a personal theory of counseling, self-awareness and knowledge are:
the only valid basis for omitting other theories.
When they first begin to study counseling theory, many students experience:
active acceptance.
Theoretical integration can be viewed as deriving from all of the following EXCEPT:
an increased use of, and need for, short-term models.
What role do mentors play in the counseling student’s process?
As a model, influencing important development
The stages in developing a personal theory include all of the following EXCEPT:
eclecticism and experimentation.
Pragmatism is a useful philosophy because:
-it encourages counselors to employ a broad, interdisciplinary context when integrating approaches.
-it encourages counselors to avoid an over-dependence on a single theoretical construct.
-relevant principles may be systematically collected from the universe of available knowledge.
all of the above.
In several surveys of counselors, the majority of counselors identified themselves as which of the following?
Rogerian
The effective application of any model of counseling theory will depend upon:
the counselor’s personal belief in the value of the theory.
