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Nursing Foundations Test 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Theory of animism

A
  • Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness and death.
  • Roles of nurse and physician separate and distinct: physician as medicine man; nurse as caring mother.
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2
Q

Florence Nightingale

A
  • challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses.
  • She established the first training school for nurses, and wrote books about health care and nursing education.
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3
Q

Nursing origin

A

Originated from the Latin word nutrix (to nourish)

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4
Q

ICN definition

A

Promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care

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5
Q

ANA definition

A

Social policy statement

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6
Q

Cognitive skills

A

involve thinking about the nature of things sufficiently to make decisions regarding care

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7
Q

Technical skills

A

enable nurses to manipulate equipment to produce a desired outcome.

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8
Q

Interpersonal skills

A

involve caring relationships

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9
Q

Ethical/legal skills

A

enable nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally.

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10
Q

Nurse practice acts

A

regulate the practice of nursing, including education and licensure

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11
Q

Nursing process

A

a guideline for nursing practice, enabling nurses to implement their roles

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12
Q

ANA standards of nursing practice

A

allow nurses to carry out professional roles.

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13
Q

The National League of Nursing

A

fosters the development and improvement of nursing services

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14
Q

Health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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15
Q

Illness

A

the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning

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16
Q

Wellness

A

an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health

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17
Q

Acute illness

A
  • Generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
  • Examples: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold
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18
Q

Chronic Illness

A
  • A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health
  • Usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission and exacerbation
  • Examples: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis, lupus
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19
Q

Stages of Illness Behavior

A

Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

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20
Q

Physical dimension

A

genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender

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21
Q

Emotional dimension

A

how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions

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22
Q

Intellectual dimension

A

cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences

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23
Q

Environmental dimension

A

housing; sanitation; climate; pollution of air, food, and water

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24
Q

Sociocultural dimension

A

economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture

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25
Q

Spiritual dimension

A

spiritual beliefs and values

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26
Q

Primary Health Promotion

A
  • directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury.
  • Examples are immunization clinics, family planning services, poison-control information, and accident-prevention education
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27
Q

Secondary Health Promotion

A
  • focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found
  • Examples are assessing children for normal growth and development and encouraging regular medical, dental, and vision examinations.
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28
Q

Tertiary

A

begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning

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29
Q

The health–illness continuum

A

measures a person’s level of health on a graduated scale.

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30
Q

The agent–host–environment model

A

refers to the interaction of the agent, host, and environment creating risk factors that must be examined.

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31
Q

The health promotion model

A

illustrates how people react to their environment as they pursue health

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32
Q

The health belief model

A

is concerned with what people believe to be true about their health.

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33
Q

self-actualization needs

A

nurses provide a sense of direction and hope, and maximize patient potential

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34
Q

Self-esteem needs

A

are met by respecting patient values and beliefs and setting attainable goals for them

35
Q

Love and belonging needs

A

are met by including family and friends and establishing caring relationships with patients

36
Q

Safety and security needs

A

are met by encouraging spiritual practices and independent decision making.

37
Q

Physiologic needs

A

are needs that must be met to maintain life.

38
Q

Incubation period

A

organisms growing and multiplying

39
Q

Prodromal stage

A

person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease

40
Q

Full stage of illness

A

presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease

41
Q

Convalescent period

A

recovery from the infection

42
Q

Cardinal Signs of Acute Infection

A 
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function
43
Q

Transient Bacterial Flora

A

attached loosely on skin, removed with relative ease

44
Q

Resident Bacterial Flora

A

found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to remove

45
Q

Choosing

A

Choosing freely from alternatives after careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative

46
Q

Prizing (treasuring)

A

Involves pride, happiness, and public affirmation

47
Q

Acting

A

Combining choice into one’s behavior with consistency and regularity on the value

48
Q

Altruisms

A

concern for welfare and well-being of others

49
Q

Autonomy

A

right to self-determination

50
Q

Human dignity

A

respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations`

51
Q

Integrity

A

acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice

52
Q

Social justice

A

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

53
Q

Bioethics

A

Encompasses a number of fields of “life sciences”

54
Q

Nursing ethics

A

Formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing

55
Q

Feminist ethics

A

Critiques existing patterns of oppression and domination in society especially affecting women and the poor

56
Q

Utilitarian

A

The rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action.

57
Q

Deontologic

A

An action is right or wrong independent of its consequences

58
Q

Ethical Conduct

A

Practice based on professional standards of ethical conduct as well as professional values

59
Q

Ethical dilemma

A

Two (or more) clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action

60
Q

Ethical distress

A

Occurs when the nurse knows the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action

61
Q

Paternalism

A

occurs when a nurse acts for a patient without consent to secure good or prevent harm

62
Q

deception

A

occurs when a nurse deceives a person for a perceived benefit

63
Q

Allocation of scarce nursing resources

A

and advocacy in market-driven environment involve patient harm due to inadequate staffing/finances.

64
Q

Crime

A

wrong against a person or the person’s property as well as the public

65
Q

Tort

A

a wrong committed by a person against another person or that person’s property; tried in civil court

66
Q

Four Elements of Liability

A

Duty
Breach of duty
Causation
Damages

67
Q

Elements of Informed Consent

A

Disclosure
Comprehension
Competence
Voluntariness

68
Q

IOM’s Six Outcomes for a New Health System for the 21st Century

A 
Safe
Effective
Efficient
Patient-centered
Timely
Equitable
69
Q

Science and informatics

A

real-time access to knowledge; digital capture of the care experience

70
Q

Patient–clinician partnerships

A

engaged, empowered patients

71
Q

Incentives

A

aligned for value; full transparency

72
Q

Continuous learning culture

A

leadership-instilled culture of learning; supportive system competencies

73
Q

Oral Temp

A

37.0°C, 98.6°F

74
Q

Rectal Temp

A

37.5°C, 99.5°F

75
Q

Axillary Temp

A

36.5°C, 97.7°F

76
Q

Tympanic Temp

A

37.5ºC, 99.5°F

77
Q

Forehead

A

34.4°C, 94.0°F

78
Q

Radiation

A

is the diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves, such as occurs with an uncovered head

79
Q

Convection

A

is the dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal density

80
Q

Evaporation

A

is the conversion of a liquid to a vapor.

81
Q

Conduction t

A

is the transfer of heat to another object during direct contact

82
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation

A

decreases heart rate

83
Q

Sympathetic stimulation

A

increases heart rate

Nursing Foundations Test 1 (9 decks)

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