Chapter 12

Question 1

Nursing diagnosis

Answer 1

Describes patient problems nurses can treat independently

Question 2

Medical diagnosis

Answer 2

Describes problems for which the physician directs the primary treatment

Question 3

Collaborative problems

Answer 3

Managed by using physician-prescribed and nursing-prescribed interventions

Question 4

Four Steps of Data Interpretation and Analysis

Answer 4

• Recognizing significant data: Comparing data to standards
• Recognizing patterns or clusters
• Identifying strengths and problems
• Identifying potential complications
• Reaching conclusions

Question 5

Recognizing Significant Data

Answer 5

refers to the comparison of data to a standard or norm (e.g., normal blood pressure values).

Question 6

Recognizing Patterns or Clusters

Answer 6

nursing diagnoses should always be derived from clusters of significant data rather than from a single cue

Question 7

Reaching Conclusions

Answer 7

Four basic conclusions:

• No problem
• Possible problem
• Actual or potential nursing diagnosis
• Clinical problem other than nursing diagnosis

Question 8

Problem

Answer 8

identifies what is unhealthy about patient

Question 9

Etiology

Answer 9

identifies factors maintaining the unhealthy state

Question 10

Defining characteristics

Answer 10

identify the subjective and objective data that signal the existence of a problem

Question 11

Formulation of Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 11

• Problem
• Etiology
• Defining characteristics

Question 12

Types of Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 12

• Actual
• Risk
• Possible
• Wellness
• Syndrome

Question 13

Actual Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 13

• represent problems that have been validated by the presence of major defining characteristics
• has four components: label, definition, defining characteristics, and related factor.

Question 14

Risk Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 14

are statements describing a suspected problem for which additional data are needed

Question 15

Possible Diagnoses

Answer 15

if the nurse suspects that a disturbance of self-concept is also present but lacks the necessary defining characteristics

Question 16

Wellness Diagnoses

Answer 16

• clinical judgments about a person, group, or community in transition from a specific level of wellness to a higher level of wellness.
• often more applicable on healthy patients
• two cues are a desire for high level of wellness and an effective present status or function

Question 17

Syndrome Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 17

comprised of a cluster of actual or risk diagnoses that are predicted to be present because of a certain event or situation

Question 18

Documentation of Diagnoses on EHR

Answer 18

goal is to enable the interdisciplinary team caring for the patient to more easily view the patient’s risks, health promotion possibilities, and actual long-term care problems.

Question 19

Benefits of Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 19

• Individualizing patient care
• Defining domain of nursing to health care administrators, legislators, and providers
• Seeking funding for nursing and reimbursement for nursing services

Question 20

Limitations of Nursing Diagnosis

Answer 20

• If used incorrectly, patient might be misdiagnosed.

- Nursing practice might be restricted.

Question 21

Common Errors in Writing Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 21

• premature diagnoses based on incomplete data-base
• Wrong diagnoses resulting from an inaccurate database or a faulty data analysis
• Routine diagnoses resulting from the nurse’s failure to tailor data collection and analysis to the unique needs of the patient
• Errors of omission