Chapter 13

Question 1

Goal of Outcome Identification and Planning Step

Answer 1

• Establish priorities.
• Identify and write expected patient outcomes.
• Select evidence-based nursing interventions.
• Communicate the plan of care.

Question 2

Three Elements of Comprehensive Planning

Answer 2

• Initial
• Ongoing
• Discharge

Question 3

Initial Planning

Answer 3

• performed by the nurse with the admission nursing history and the physical assessment.
• Addresses each problem listed in the prioritized nursing diagnoses and identifies appropriate patient goals

Question 4

Ongoing Planning

Answer 4

• Carried out by any nurse who interacts with patient
• Keeps the plan up to date, manages risk factors, promotes function
• States nursing diagnoses more clearly
• Develops new diagnoses
• Makes outcomes more realistic and develops new outcomes as needed
• Identifies nursing interventions to accomplish patient goals

Question 5

Discharge planning

Answer 5

• Carried out by the nurse who worked most closely with the patient
• Begins when the patient is admitted for treatment
• Uses teaching and counseling skills effectively to ensure that home care behaviors are performed competently

Question 6

High priority Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 6

greatest threat to patient well-being

Question 7

Medium priority Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 7

nonthreatening diagnoses

Question 8

Low priority Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 8

diagnoses not specifically related to current health problem

Question 9

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs

Answer 9

Physiologic needs
Safety needs
Love and belonging needs
Self-esteem needs
Self-actualization needs

Question 10

Long-term outcomes

Answer 10

require a longer period to be achieved and may be used as discharge goals.

Question 11

Short-term outcomes

Answer 11

may be accomplished in a specified period of time.

Question 12

IOM’s Six Aims to be Met by Health Care Systems Regarding Quality of Care

Answer 12

• Safe: avoiding injury
• Effective: avoiding overuse and underuse
• Patient-centered: responding to patient preferences, needs, and values
• Timely: reducing waits and delays
• Efficient: avoiding waste
• Equitable: providing care that does not vary in quality to all recipients

Question 13

Cognitive Outcomes

Answer 13

describes increases in patient knowledge or intellectual behaviors

Question 14

Psychomotor Outcomes

Answer 14

describes patient’s achievement of new skills

Question 15

Affective Outcomes

Answer 15

describes changes in patient values, beliefs, and attitudes

Question 16

Clinical Outcomes

Answer 16

• describe the expected status of health issues at certain points in time, after treatment is complete.
• address whether the problems are resolved or to what degree they are improved

Question 17

Functional Outcomes

Answer 17

describe the person’s ability to function in relation to the desired usual activities

Question 18

Quality-of-life outcomes

Answer 18

focus on key factors that affect someone’s ability to enjoy life and achieve personal goals.

Question 19

Common Errors in Writing Patient Outcomes

Answer 19

• Expressing patient outcome as nursing intervention
• Using verbs that are not observable or measurable
• Including more than one patient behavior or manifestation in short-term outcomes
• Writing vague outcomes

Question 20

Parts of a Measurable Outcome

Answer 20

Subject
Verb
Conditions
Performance criteria
Target time

Question 21

Nurse-initiated Interventions

Answer 21

actions performed by a nurse without a physician’s order

Question 22

Physician-initiated Interventions

Answer 22

actions initiated by a physician in response to a medical diagnosis but carried out by a nurse under doctor’s orders

Question 23

Collaborative Interventions

Answer 23

treatments initiated by other providers and carried out by a nurse

Question 24

Actions Performed in Nurse-Initiated Interventions

Answer 24

• Monitor health status.
• Reduce risks.
• Resolve, prevent, or manage a problem.
• Facilitate independence or assist with ADLs.
• Promote optimum sense of physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being.

Question 25

Procedure

Answer 25

set of how-to action steps for performing a clinical activity or task

Question 26

Standard of care

Answer 26

a description of an acceptable level of patient care

Question 27

Algorithm

Answer 27

• set of steps used to make a decision

- typically embedded in a branching flow chart

Question 28

Clinical practice guideline

Answer 28

statement outlining appropriate practice for clinical condition or procedure

Question 29

Protocol

Answer 29

prescribes specific therapeutic interventions for a clinical problem unique to a subgroup of patients within the cohort

Question 30

Types of Institutional Plans of Care

Answer 30

• Computerized plans of care
• Concept map plans of care
• Change of shift reports
• Multidisciplinary (collaborative) plans of care
• Student plans of care