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Sociology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Social Structure

A

repeated and predictable patterns of behavior

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2
Q

Modern Society (4things)

A

Urban, Industrial, Bureaucratic, Pluralistic

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3
Q

Previous Societies (4 things)

A

Rural, Agricultural, Traditional, Homogeneous

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4
Q

Sociological imagination

A

C. Wright Mills

  • understand humor behavior in terms of the intersection of social structure, history, biography
  • personal troubles vs public issues
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5
Q

Cui bono?

A

For whose good?

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6
Q

___ of generation will get a college education

A

30%

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7
Q

Modern Society (late 1700s) is a result of…

A

3 great revolutions and the Enlightenment

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8
Q

3 Revolutions

A
  1. Political
  2. Scientific
  3. Industrial
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9
Q

“Social Facts”

A

Emile Durkheim

  • external to individual
  • coercive over individual
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10
Q

“Interpretive” Sociology

A

focus is on definitional processes and interaction

-occurs at the symbolic level

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11
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Karl Marx

  • scare resources are unevenly distributed among different social groups
  • source of conflict= inequality
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12
Q

According to Conflict Theory, _______ is the most important sector of society and the chief source of conflict

A

Economy

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13
Q

Functionalism

A

focuses on relations between a social whole and its parts

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14
Q

“institutional spheres”

A

areas of social action (family, economy, etc.)

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15
Q

Function

A

purpose that some action or part of society serves to maintain the whole

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16
Q

Emile Durkheim

A
  • crime and deviance

- plays a role in maintaining group identity and solidarity

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17
Q

Interpretive Approach

A

Max Weber

  • “verstehen” (understanding)
  • intersubjectivity
  • people act on the basis of meanings
  • how we define social situations
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18
Q

symbolic interaction

A

the social processes involved in creating and maintaining a given reality (esp creation of social self)

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19
Q

culture

A

an inherited system of symbolic forms and moral demands that controls individual behavior

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20
Q

Symbolic forms

A

signs & symbols, language, formal knowledge systems, informal knowledge systems

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21
Q

signs

A

action or gestures used to communicate an idea

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22
Q

symbols

A

signs to which we attach generalized meanings

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23
Q

Diversity

A

variations in the symbolic/moral systems underlying different human societies

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24
Q

Universals

A

beliefs, values, practices common to all human societies

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25
Relativism
what people consider to be "normal" is specific to that society/culture and historical period
26
Ethnocentrism
the belief that one's own culture is preferable and superior to others
27
Values
broad general standards about how things ought to be
28
Patterns are produced by _____
norms
29
Norms are produced by _____
values
30
Norms
rules for how things out to be done
31
Norms are enforced by ____
sanctions
32
Sanctions
rewards for abiding by the norm and/or punishments for violating the norm
33
Status
a social position
34
Role
the behavior expected of a person because of the social position they occupy
35
Ascribed Status
a social position based upon some inherited characteristic
36
Achieved Status
an earned social position
37
Status/Role Set
all of the social positions a person occupies
38
Status/Role Consistency
the degree to which there is congruence among social positions in a person's status set
39
(Status)-role Strain
conflicting social statuses
40
Group
2 or more statuses with shared norms, oriented to a general purpose
41
Primary groups
small, long lasting, intimate with intrinsic reward
42
Secondary groups
Large, short term, instrumental with extrinsic reward
43
Organizations
2 or more groups with shared norms, oriented to one or more purposes
44
Institutions
society-wide, aggregated patterns of behavior, designed to solve specific problems or accomplish specific tasks
45
Society
a population of people in a territory with a shared identity that survives across at least 2 generations
46
Relationship between culture and social structure is ______
dialectical (social structures both produce and are produced by culture)
47
4 Universal Institutions
1. Economy 2. Polity 3. Religion 4. Kinship
48
economy
that institution in society that arranges for the production and distribution of the goods needed for survival
49
3 types of economy
Hunter-Gatherer, Agrarian, and Industrial
50
Polity
that institution in society that arranges for the distribution of power (violence, democracy, monarchy, totalitarian)
51
Religion
that institution in society that helps people adjust to things which are born undesirable and inescapable
52
Kinship
that institution in society that arranges for: regulation of sexual relations, child rearing, and household composition
53
Socialization
the process by which people learn, and take into themselves culture and social structure
54
Psychoanalysis
Freud, theory of how the self is formed and deformed | -a method for helping self come to terms with society
55
Id
instinctual drives, pleasure principle
56
Ego
"referee" between id and superego
57
Superego
culture, internalized
58
Developmental Stages of Psychoanalysis
Oral, Anal, Phallic
59
George Herbert Mead believed that _________
self emerges through a process of symbolic interaction
60
"action"
behavior directed by the meanings people attach to their behavior and to the situation
61
"interaction"
behavior among 2+ persons guided by mutual understandings of meanings
62
sociology
study of human society
63
social institution
narrative or story embedded within a social network about he standard ways society meets its needs
64
interpretive sociology
the study of social meaning
65
microsociology
seeks to understand local interactional contests
66
macrosociology
concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis
67
quantitative methods
obtain information in numeric form
68
qualitative methods
non numeric form
69
nonmaterial culture vs material culture
values, beliefs, behaviors vs technology, etc
70
ideology
system of concepts and relationships
71
reflection theory
culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere
72
hegemony
historical process in which a dominant group exercises moral and intellectual leadership throughout society by winning the voluntary consent of popular masses

Sociology (3 decks)

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