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Sociology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Social Structure

A

repeated and predictable patterns of behavior

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2
Q

Modern Society (4things)

A

Urban, Industrial, Bureaucratic, Pluralistic

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3
Q

Previous Societies (4 things)

A

Rural, Agricultural, Traditional, Homogeneous

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4
Q

Sociological imagination

A

C. Wright Mills

  • understand humor behavior in terms of the intersection of social structure, history, biography
  • personal troubles vs public issues
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5
Q

Cui bono?

A

For whose good?

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6
Q

___ of generation will get a college education

A

30%

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7
Q

Modern Society (late 1700s) is a result of…

A

3 great revolutions and the Enlightenment

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8
Q

3 Revolutions

A
  1. Political
  2. Scientific
  3. Industrial
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9
Q

“Social Facts”

A

Emile Durkheim

  • external to individual
  • coercive over individual
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10
Q

“Interpretive” Sociology

A

focus is on definitional processes and interaction

-occurs at the symbolic level

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11
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Karl Marx

  • scare resources are unevenly distributed among different social groups
  • source of conflict= inequality
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12
Q

According to Conflict Theory, _______ is the most important sector of society and the chief source of conflict

A

Economy

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13
Q

Functionalism

A

focuses on relations between a social whole and its parts

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14
Q

“institutional spheres”

A

areas of social action (family, economy, etc.)

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15
Q

Function

A

purpose that some action or part of society serves to maintain the whole

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16
Q

Emile Durkheim

A
  • crime and deviance

- plays a role in maintaining group identity and solidarity

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17
Q

Interpretive Approach

A

Max Weber

  • “verstehen” (understanding)
  • intersubjectivity
  • people act on the basis of meanings
  • how we define social situations
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18
Q

symbolic interaction

A

the social processes involved in creating and maintaining a given reality (esp creation of social self)

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19
Q

culture

A

an inherited system of symbolic forms and moral demands that controls individual behavior

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20
Q

Symbolic forms

A

signs & symbols, language, formal knowledge systems, informal knowledge systems

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21
Q

signs

A

action or gestures used to communicate an idea

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22
Q

symbols

A

signs to which we attach generalized meanings

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23
Q

Diversity

A

variations in the symbolic/moral systems underlying different human societies

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24
Q

Universals

A

beliefs, values, practices common to all human societies

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25
Q

Relativism

A

what people consider to be “normal” is specific to that society/culture and historical period

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26
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

the belief that one’s own culture is preferable and superior to others

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27
Q

Values

A

broad general standards about how things ought to be

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28
Q

Patterns are produced by _____

A

norms

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29
Q

Norms are produced by _____

A

values

30
Q

Norms

A

rules for how things out to be done

31
Q

Norms are enforced by ____

A

sanctions

32
Q

Sanctions

A

rewards for abiding by the norm and/or punishments for violating the norm

33
Q

Status

A

a social position

34
Q

Role

A

the behavior expected of a person because of the social position they occupy

35
Q

Ascribed Status

A

a social position based upon some inherited characteristic

36
Q

Achieved Status

A

an earned social position

37
Q

Status/Role Set

A

all of the social positions a person occupies

38
Q

Status/Role Consistency

A

the degree to which there is congruence among social positions in a person’s status set

39
Q

(Status)-role Strain

A

conflicting social statuses

40
Q

Group

A

2 or more statuses with shared norms, oriented to a general purpose

41
Q

Primary groups

A

small, long lasting, intimate with intrinsic reward

42
Q

Secondary groups

A

Large, short term, instrumental with extrinsic reward

43
Q

Organizations

A

2 or more groups with shared norms, oriented to one or more purposes

44
Q

Institutions

A

society-wide, aggregated patterns of behavior, designed to solve specific problems or accomplish specific tasks

45
Q

Society

A

a population of people in a territory with a shared identity that survives across at least 2 generations

46
Q

Relationship between culture and social structure is ______

A

dialectical (social structures both produce and are produced by culture)

47
Q

4 Universal Institutions

A
  1. Economy
  2. Polity
  3. Religion
  4. Kinship
48
Q

economy

A

that institution in society that arranges for the production and distribution of the goods needed for survival

49
Q

3 types of economy

A

Hunter-Gatherer, Agrarian, and Industrial

50
Q

Polity

A

that institution in society that arranges for the distribution of power (violence, democracy, monarchy, totalitarian)

51
Q

Religion

A

that institution in society that helps people adjust to things which are born undesirable and inescapable

52
Q

Kinship

A

that institution in society that arranges for: regulation of sexual relations, child rearing, and household composition

53
Q

Socialization

A

the process by which people learn, and take into themselves culture and social structure

54
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud, theory of how the self is formed and deformed

-a method for helping self come to terms with society

55
Q

Id

A

instinctual drives, pleasure principle

56
Q

Ego

A

“referee” between id and superego

57
Q

Superego

A

culture, internalized

58
Q

Developmental Stages of Psychoanalysis

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic

59
Q

George Herbert Mead believed that _________

A

self emerges through a process of symbolic interaction

60
Q

“action”

A

behavior directed by the meanings people attach to their behavior and to the situation

61
Q

“interaction”

A

behavior among 2+ persons guided by mutual understandings of meanings

62
Q

sociology

A

study of human society

63
Q

social institution

A

narrative or story embedded within a social network about he standard ways society meets its needs

64
Q

interpretive sociology

A

the study of social meaning

65
Q

microsociology

A

seeks to understand local interactional contests

66
Q

macrosociology

A

concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis

67
Q

quantitative methods

A

obtain information in numeric form

68
Q

qualitative methods

A

non numeric form

69
Q

nonmaterial culture vs material culture

A

values, beliefs, behaviors vs technology, etc

70
Q

ideology

A

system of concepts and relationships

71
Q

reflection theory

A

culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere

72
Q

hegemony

A

historical process in which a dominant group exercises moral and intellectual leadership throughout society by winning the voluntary consent of popular masses

Sociology (3 decks)

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