Soc Test 2 Flashcards
Dramaturgical Metaphor
- individuals are actors, performing roles
- audience is who or whatever you are performing for
- stage is your setting (front stage, backstage)
- performance techniques can be learned through observation or other actors
Impression Management is _____________.
How we adjust our presentation of self
First impressions give us a _______.
Base Outline
Frontstage
area where your present yourself to society and the world
Front stage tends to be ___________ (3 things)
superficial, stressful, poor representation of self
Backstage
area where you go to prepare for performances
Performance of Self
- we are merely actors performing role after role
- trying to ‘find yourself’ is futile
Frame Analysis
every situation is set into a frame, and we perform our role based on this frame
Modern society is _______ (Four Things)
Urban, Industrial, Bureaucratic, Pluralistic
3 great revolutions
Political, Scientific, Industrial
Political Revolution destroyed ______ and ______.
great monarchies and feudalism
Political revolution caused rise of _______.
democratic societies
Scientific revolution was the _______.
rise of scientific method (reason)
Two key consequences of Scientific Revolution
- Technological innovations –> industrial revolution
2. Declining significance of a religious world view
Industrial Revolution
specialized, machine based production
Industrial Revolution caused the birth of the _______.
middle class
Industrialization definition
Replacement of living energy sources with non-living energy sources
Social Differentiation
the process by which different social categories energy and by which people come to fill those categories
Specialization
one type of social differentiation, “the transformation from single, multiple purpose statuses/roles to multiple, single purpose statuses/roles.”
Consequences of Specialization (Optimistic Prediction)
- Adam Smith
- dramatically increases productivity
- creates new jobs
- mechanism for social organization
Economic interdependence
exchange relationships
Consequences of Specialization (Cautiously Optimistic)
- Emile Durkheim
- is specialization really a viable form of social organization?
- Industrial societies could produce solidarity
Solidarity
“commonality of purpose and social identity”
Pre industrial societies had _______ solidarity
mechanical
economy determines _______.
solidarity
simple division of labor by _____ and ______.
gender and age
organic solidarity
economic interdependence
Specialization could produce ________.
anomie
anomie
a condition of societal normlessness
Consequences of Specialization (Pessimistic)
- Karl Marx
- concerned about the types of work in an industrial economy
Alienation definition
separation/estrangement from:
- production process itself
- finished products of our labor
- our fellow workers
- ourselves
stratification
vertical ranking of members of a society, based upon their access to and control over scarce resources
According to Max Weber, we rank people according to:
wealth, honor, power
class stratification
rank according to wealth
status stratification
rank according to honor
party stratification
rank according to power
Household Economy
- produced subsistence
- work was performed in and for the household
- money was used as a unit of account
- barter/trade for items they did not produce
- orientation AWAY from the market
Capitalism
a set of social practices and a way of thinking about organizing economic activities
3 Distinct Features of Capitalism
- the Market
- Distinct Economic Institutions
- Profit Orientation
The Market
impersonal buying and selling of commodities
-goods produced with expressed intent of selling them for more than it cost to produce them
Distinct Economic Institutions
organizations specializing in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of specific problems
“Double dependence”
?????
Profit Orientation
Marx- commondity production circuit:
M-C-M’ (Money, Commodities, More Money)
2 Predictions about Stratification
Marx: 2 Class Society
Adam Smith: Generally Higher Standard of Living for Most
Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
owners and workers
Poverty Line
$22,050/family of 4
research shows that a family needs twice the poverty level income to meet basic needs
Feminization of Poverty
female headed poverty houses has increased to 50%; there is an increasing number of females in poverty
_____% of US has Bachelor’s degree or higher
30
Unemployment rate:
7.7% (4.2 among college students)
Three types of labor
- extractive (primary)
- manufacturing (secondary)
- services (tertiary)
5 functional (occupational) groups
- Extractive Production
- Industrial Production
- Low Skilled Services
- High Skilled Services
- Administration
Post industrial
most jobs don’t work in factories
2 fastest growing services
correctional and healthcare
Income
what you are paid
Wealth
everything you have
____% of wealth goes to top ____% of population
93, 20
___% of America has ____% of nation’s wealth
1, 40
