Test 1 Flashcards
Describe Description
The first step in understanding any behaviour or mental process
Describe Explanation
An understanding of the conditions under which a given behaviour or mental process occurs
Describe Prediction
WHen researchers can specify the condtions under which a behaviour or event is likely to occur
Describe Influence of Behaviour and Mental Processes
Researchers know hoe to apply a principle or change a condition to prevent unwanted ocurrences to bring about desired outcomes
What Does behavioural mean?
The role of learning and environmental factors
What does biological mean
The role of biological precesses and heredity
what is cognitive
The study of mental processes
The uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for conscious choice and growth
What is evolutionary
The role of inherited tendencies that have proven adaptive in humans
What is humanistic
The improtance of the individuals own subjective experience
WHat is psychoanalytical
The unconscious, the scientific study of behaviour, the role of unconscious and early-childhood experiences
What is sociocultural?
The role of social and cultural influences
What is Acetycholine
May produce either excitatory or inhibitory effects; affects movement, learning, memory and REM sleep.
What is dopamine
Plays a role in learning, attention, and movement
What is Endorphins
Provides relief from pain and produces feelings of pleasure and well-being
What is GABA
An amino acid that is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
What is norepinephrine
Affects eating habits, sleep, female sexual behaviour, and it plays a major role in alertness and wakeful ness
What is Seratonin
Produces inhiibitory effects at most of the receptors with which it forms synapses; it plays an improtant role in regulating mood, sleep, implusivity, aggression and appetite
Whaht hemisphere controls the left side of the body and that, in most people, is specialized for visual-spatial perception and for understanding non-verbal behaviour
Right hemisphere
What is the Cerebral hemisphere
The right and left havles of the cerebrum, covered by the cerebral cortex and connected by the corpus callosum
What is the largest structure of the human brain, consisting of the two cerebral hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum and covered by the cerebral cortex
Cerebrum
Which lobes control coluntary body movements, speech production and such functioning as thinking, motivation, planning for the future, impulse control and emotional responses
Frontal Lobes
What are the Temporal lobes
The lobes that contain the primary auitory cortex, wernicke’s area, and association areas for interpreting auditory information
What hemisphere controls the right side of the body coordinates, complex movements, and, (in 95 percent of people), controls the production of speech and written language
Left hemisphere
Which lobe contains the somatosensory cortex ( where touch, pressure, temperature and pain registar) amd other areas that are responsible for body awareness and spatital orientation
Parietal Lobes
What is the Cerebral Cortex?
The grey, convoluted covering of the cerebral hemispheres that is iresponsible for higher mental processess such as language, memory and thinking
Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex, where vision registers, and association areas involved in the interpretation of visual information
Occipital Lobes
What is the Corpus Callosum
The thick band of nerve fibres that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and makes possible the transfer of information and the synchronization of activity between them.
What are the Adrenal Glands?
Produce epinephrine and norepinephrine, two hormones that activate the sympathetic nervous system, These glands rest just above the kidneys, Releases the corticoids, which control the body’s salt balance and also releases small amounts of sex hormones
What releases sex hormones thst make reproduction possible
Gonads
What are hormones?
A substance manufactured and released in one part of the body that affects other parts of the body
WHat does the pancreas do?
Regulates the bodys blood sugar levels by releasing the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream, produces digestive enzymes, curve around between the small intestine and the stomach
What does the pituitary gland do?
The endocrine gland located in the brain and often called the “ mater gland”, Produces the hormone that is responsible for body growth
What are sex glands?
the gonads are these types of glands, they are ovaries in felmales and testes in males, releases sex hormones that are responsible for the secondary sex characteristics- pubic and underarm hair in both sexes, breasts in females, and facial hair and a deepended voice in males
What is the thyroid gland? where is is located?
Produces the important hormone thyroxin, which regulates the rate at which food is metabolized or transformed into energy. it rests in front lower part of the neck just below the voice box (larynx)
What is a cone?
enables you to see colour and fine detail in adequate light
Receptor cells do not function in very dim light
Three types of receptor cells, each sensetive to red, green or blue
Receptors are shorter and rounder than the other type of receptor cells
What is a fovea?
located at the center of the retina
provides clearest and sharpest vision because it has the largest concentration of cones