Test 1 Flashcards
What is biochemistry?
The study of chemistry in living things
What is physical chemistry?
The study of properties and behavior of matter
What is general chemistry?
The basic rules of chemistry
What is analytical chemistry?
The study of composition in matter
What is organic chemistry?
The study if carbon compounds
Is the following change physical or chemical?
A sheet of copper is pounded into a bowl
Physical
Is the following change physical or chemical?
A beaker is dropped on the floor and shatters
Physical
Is the following change physical or chemical?
Paper is burned
Chemical
Is the following change physical or chemical?
Peroxide and bleach are mixed and bubbles appear
Chemical
Is the following mixture homogenous or hetergenous?
Oxygen dissolved in water
homogenous
Is the following mixture homogenous or hetergenous?
Salt mixed with pepper
Heterogenous
Is the following mixture homogenous or hetergenous?
Vegetable soup
Heterogenous
Is the following mixture homogenous or hetergenous?
Iced Tea
Homogenous
Is the following and element, compound or mixture?
Nitrogen
Compound
Is the following and element, compound or mixture?
Sulfur Dioxide(SO2)
Compound
Is the following and element, compound or mixture?
Titanium
Element
Is the following and element, compound or mixture?
Vinegar
mixture
Is the following and element, compound or mixture?
Coffee
mixture
Is the following and element, compound or mixture?
Nitric Acid(HNO3)
Compound
What is mass?
The amount of matter an object contains
What is weight?
The pull of gravity on an object
What is a substance?
A type of matter that has uniform and definite composition and can only be separated by chemical means
What are elements?
The simplest form of all
matter and building blocks for all substances
What is a mixture?
A type of matter that can be separated hsing physical means
What are 2 ways to separate mixtures?
Chromatography and distillation
What is distillation?
Separating mixtures based on boiling point
What is chromatography? Under what condition will it not work?
The separation of mixtures based on weight, it will not work if the mixture is clear or lacks color
Is distillation a physical or chemical separation method? What about chromatography?
Both are physical
How many significant figures are in the following numbers?
a. 0.0000453
b. 3.4002
c. 10.002
d. 0.000012
e. 10,000
f. 9.02•10^3
a-3 b-5 c-5 d-2 e-1 f-3
What is the rule for adding and subtracting significant figures?
Least number of decimal places allowed in the numbers added
What is the rule for multiplying and dividing significant figures?
Least number of significant figures allowed by the number being mutiplied and divided
What is 0.000235321 is scientific notation?
2.35•E^-4
What is 4,375,000 is scientific notation?
4.38•E^6
What is 234,895,514,023 is scientific notation?
2.35•E^11
What is 0.00004545 is scientific notation?
4.55•E^-5
What are electrons?
Negatively chaged subatomic particles
What is atom?
The smallest particle of an element thay still retains the properties of that element
What is an atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number protons but different number of neutrons
What is a neutron?
A subatomic particle with no charge
What is a nonmetal?
Elements with no luster and are poor conductors of electricity
What is atomic mass?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
What is a proton?
A positively charged subatomic particle
How do you calculate the average mass of an atom?
(Relative Abundance•Mass)+(Relative Abundance•Mass)+…
Add one parenthesis to the equation for however many numbers you have
What are the characteristics of metals?
- Luster
- Ductile
- Malleable
- Good conductors
What are characteristics of nonmetals?
- Brittle
- Not good conductors
- Many are gases
- Dull
What are characteristics of metalloids?
Metalloids have characteristics of metals and nonmetals based on conditions, usually temperature
What were the major contributions of Marie Curie to our knowledge of atomic structure?
Characterized radioactivity
What were the major contributions of Earnest Rtherford to our knowledge of atomic structure?
Nuclear model, showed atoms have a nucleus in the middle and are mostly empty space
What were the major contributions of J.J. Thompson to or knowledge of atomic structure?
Discovered electrons, plum-pudding model
What were the major contributions of Neils Bohr to our knowledge of atomic structure?
Bohr model, electron theory
What were the major contributions of John Dalton to our knowledge of the atomic structure?
Atomic theory
What is the atomic theory?(all 4 parts)
- All elements are made of atoms
- Atoms of the same element are identical
- Atoms can not be created or destoryed
- Compounds form form atoms in special ratios
What is an element?
Substances that can be decomposed into simpler substances by physical or chemical means and are on the periodic table
What is a mixture?
Matter that has variable composition amd can be separated using physical means
What are the two types of mixtures?
- Homogenous- Have visibly indistinguishable parts
2. Hetergenous- Have visibly distinguishable parts
What is a compound?
A substances with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by means of chemical processess
