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african american studies > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

African American studies

A

an interdisciplinary academic field of study examining history, culture, past and present experiences, achievements, issues and challenges of blacks who are of African descent living in north America the diaspora and Africa; begins with the African roots; empirical study

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2
Q

historical inquiry

A

slavery, civil war, emancipation and reconstruction and jim crow laws influenced civil rights movement

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3
Q

sociological inquiry

A

family, religion, education, politics and economics

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4
Q

key focus

A

people of African descent in the united states and the diaspora or in communities throughout the world

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5
Q

underlying principles

A

first African slaves landed in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619; brought against will as slaves; cultural heritage largely formed in this country

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6
Q

indentured servants

A

come to work for a specific and once time is expired they are released

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7
Q

immigration model

A

immigrants come looking for economic opportunities and an escape from political persecution . gained political and economic power. 2-3 generations later they assimilated into the dominant culture

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8
Q

colonial model of immigration

A

group brought involuntarily or lived here but had their land taken; subjugated by the dominant group

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9
Q

gunnar Myrdal

A

“an American dilemma”; principles of America; to avoid prejudice must assimilate

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10
Q

cornel west

A

race matters

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11
Q

Johnathan kozel

A

education savage

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12
Q

four ways to respond to subordination

A

assimilation, acceptance/accommodation, avoidance, aggression

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13
Q

pan- African movement

A

belief that all people of African descent worldwide should unite in solidarity

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14
Q

eugenics

A

social philosophy that advocates genetic engineering

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15
Q

maroons

A

slave escapees

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16
Q

Charles Darwin

A

“origin of the species” “the descent of man” opposed slavery, believed blacks were inferior; humanity was shaped by the forces of natural selection(survival of the fittest) savage races exterminated, unfit to survive

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17
Q

david walker

A

father of black liberation, abolitionist and author, concerned for exploited Africans in the world; “David Walker’s appeal: to the colored citizens of the world”; aid the foundation for pan-African movement

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18
Q

sojourner truth

A

preacher, women’s right activist, and abolitionist; “Ain’t I A women” speech given at womens right convention; “the narrative of sojourner truth: a northerner slave”

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19
Q

Frederick douglas

A

abolitionist, former slave, escaped and moved to NY, advocated assimilation and integration, opposed back to Africa movement and racial organizations

20
Q

WEB Dubois

A

organized the Atlanta universities conferences, studied the important fasets of AA life and culture, introduced the idea of a black studies program in academics

21
Q

carter woodson

A

organized the Association for the Study of Negro life, academic research and publishing; communication between racial groups founded “journal of history negro”

22
Q

dr. Nathan hare

A

established first black studies program at a PWI, san Francisco state univ in 1968

23
Q

franz boas

A

described Africa as an expansive continent with great empires such as mali and Ghana

24
Q

crispus attucks

A

first person to die in the boston massacre

25
Q

prince hall

A

preacher; established first African lodge; founder of black freemasonry; supported emigration to Africa movment; advocated schools for black children in boston

26
Q

Benjamin Banneker

A

slave father, white mother; educated @ white schools; became a mathematician, astronomer, and inventor; drafted by Thomas Jefferson to serve with surveying commission to identify street lines in DC

27
Q

African American studies is interdisciplinary. what does that mean?

A

it draws on various disciplines, history, art, literature, psychology and sociology. explains the black experience within the context of these traditional disciplines

28
Q

why do AA scholars reject the use of minority to describe AA as a group?

A

negative psychological affect, less than/subordinate; all groups at sometime are in a minority situation

29
Q

what was scientific racism? how did these scholars view AA people?

A

negative social, biological, and anthropological theories; Charles Darwin- racial inferiority along with Robert chambers(blacks savage and least developed); Charles davenport( eugenics movement, argues blacks are below whites b/c of physical characteristics) Herbert spencer(opposed welfare programs, charity and governmental intervention to help the poor

30
Q

who began negro history week/black history month

A

carter woodson in 1926

31
Q

what was the first HBCU to have a black studies program?

A

fisk university

32
Q

describe social and political climate that promoted the rise of black studies programs at PWIs

A

increased admission of black students and hiring of black faculty; black students demanded courses; increased awareness of black power and black consciousness movements in the black community

33
Q

what PWI was the first to implement a black studies program?

A

san Francisco state univ in 1968

34
Q

explain the difference in philosophies of black studies programs.

A

many believed that AA experience could be addressed in traditional disciplines; questioned whether or not students in an AA studies program would be prepared for grad school; wanted to maintain status quo; radical black nationalists groups argues for separate program and different teaching techniques

35
Q

why was Africa known as the dark continent?

A

there was ignorance about Africa; opinions were influenced by explorers and missionaries who went to Christianize the heathen

36
Q

how many African languages? what is the most common?

A

about 2000 languages; most native languages belong to Niger-Congo group

37
Q

what are the three groups likely to be taken into African slavery?

A

prisoners at war; people enslaved for payment of debt; people enslaved for punishment of a crime

38
Q

three great African empires

A

Ghana, Mali,Songhay

39
Q

which empire was known for resurrecting black learning and education?

A

songhoy

40
Q

what was the university of sankore and where was it located?

A

Timbuktu; offered courses in literature, law, astronomy, medicare and math

41
Q

what was the kingdom of benin?

A

dominant during 16-18th century, known for bronze and copper artistry, great military strength; dominance broken in 18th

42
Q

what were slave raids?

A

using military style tactics to go into an area and kidnap to make them slaves; violent way to deal with the shortage of human labor

43
Q

what was the middle passage?

A

the phase of the slave trade where slaves would be packed into ships for the voyage to the new world; about 600 shackled together for the trip that lasted approximately 8 weeks, overcrowding, no ventilation or sanitation, not uncommon for the bodies of slaves to be covered in lice

44
Q

what was nat turner’s revolt? how was it used to justify slavery?

A

75 black slaves murdered 60 whites; state militia and armed whites outnumbered black slaves and suppressed the rebellion; supporters of slavery used this to show that blacks were inherently inferior barbarians; slavery was needed to control and discipline them

45
Q

what were slave codes?

A

disciplining and controlling slaves; define the relationship between African slaves and whites

46
Q

why did the colonies legalize slavery?

A

continuing labor shortage; growing slave population; slaves becoming more disorderly and difficult to control

47
Q

describe blacks involvement in the revolutionary war

A

limited role as soldiers

african american studies (4 decks)

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