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african american studies > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Moorish science temple movement

A

movement founded by Noble Timothy Drew Ali in new jersey in 1913 during the islam path

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2
Q

black liberation theology

A

reject racism and promote black liberation that was consistent with the teachings of Jesus

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3
Q

eschatology

A

“white lie” focuses on the final destiny, judgement and life in the future; rejects that God is totally uninvolved in the suffering of man because he is preparing them for another world

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4
Q

African free school

A

opened in NY in 1787 to educate black children of slaves

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5
Q

de facto segregation

A

voluntary segregation

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6
Q

de jure segregation

A

mandated segregation by law

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7
Q

jim crow

A

laws segregating water fountains public schools and restrooms

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8
Q

relative deprivation

A

belief that members of a marginalized group was deprived of economic opportunities status and justice; members don’t have what they think that they should have when compared to someone else

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9
Q

Blaxploitation movies

A

filmmakers realized that there was a lucrative black consumer maket; ie- shaft, superfly; roots from hip-hop, controversial mix of gangsterism, drugs, sex, and violence

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10
Q

womanism/womanist

A

theory developed by Alice Walker, criticizing the white feminist movement for ignoring both racial, sexual identity and gender oppression; including women of color over the world

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11
Q

black lives matter/ all lives matter

A

an activist movement that emerged after the acquittal of George Zimmerman for the death of Trayvon Martin; protest of police killings of black citizens; gaining an identity and expressing its views on issues and injustices affecting the AA community; no national group

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12
Q

Richard allen

A

former slave, a preacher to integrated audiences; joined St. Georges’ Methodist church with Absalom Jones

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13
Q

Absalom Jones

A

founded the Bethel AME church in PA in 1794

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14
Q

Noble Timothy Drew Ali

A

founded the Moorish science temple movement for renewed interest in islam

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15
Q

Wallace Muhammad

A

founded the nation of islam in Detroit in 1930

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16
Q

national committee of negro churchmen

A

a group of black pastors in 1966 who presented Black Power to the new York times, that rejected racism and demanded something be done, suggested black theology that sees God concerned about the poor and weak and in solidarity with the oppressed and focused on Africans and AA being liberated from all forms of unjusice and bondage

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17
Q

james cone

A

founder of black liberation movement; writings were the foundation fro his new theology; black theology the counterpart of black power; goals: make gospel relevant to the life and struggles of American blacks, help blacks to learn to love themselves, teach how to be both unapologetically black and Christian at the same time

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18
Q

rev. jeremiah wright

A

president of President Obama;

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19
Q

john chavis

A

black educator in NC that ran a secret night school

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20
Q

Charles Houston

A

attorney for the NAACP legal defense and education fund, won cases based on arguments or equality- 1936 univ of Maryland ordered to admit black law student and 1938 supreme court ruled that states should provide education to all citizens; ordered univ of Missouri to admit black law student

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21
Q

derrick bell

A

critical race theorist, parents wanted equality; integration. wrote “serving two masters”

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22
Q

WEB DuBois

A

“souls of black folks”, critical analysis of booker t washington’s philosophy, claimed whites only saw Washington as leader of blacks, rejected booker’s submission to racial inequality and the type of industrial education he emphasized

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23
Q

booker t Washington

A

founder of Tuskegee college, proposed industrial education for blacks, less threatening to whites, did not call for equality; advised people to obey segregation laws and cooperate with white authorities

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24
Q

james Weldon Johnson

A

1916 became field secretary of NAACP ; focus on increasing membership in south, expanded membership to over 90000

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25
Q

marcus garvey

A

leader of back to Africa movement, became leader of the universal negro improvement association, advocated economic success, self-reliance, racial pride, separatism, purchased black star line for trading goods and eventually transporting Africans back to Africa, association collapsed after he went to jail

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26
Q

MLK Jr.

A

leader of southern Christian leadership coalition; “greater reliance on non-violence and with greater unity, coordination, sharing and chirstian understanding

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27
Q

rev freed shuttlesworth

A

from Birmingham; minister that joined MLK

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28
Q

mr Charles steele

A

current president SCLC, from tusculoosa

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29
Q

stokely Carmichael

A

first used “black power” in 1966 at the university of California

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30
Q

Malcolm X

A

black muslim, assassinated in 1965, his teachings of psychological liberation, pan African unity and institution building, taught by Elijah Muhammad that there could be neither peace nor true freedom; a tireless champion of group empowerment

31
Q

deacons of the defense and justice

A

founded by black veterans in Jonesboro, LA in 1964, ernest chilly willy Thomas and Frederick douglas Kirkpatrick; goals to protect CORE and SNCC voter registration drives and marches; advocated of armed self defense; 21 chapters throughout LA, MI, AL, ended by 1968

32
Q

network of reliable negroes

A

snitches for FBI,

33
Q

huey newton and bobby seale

A

founded black panther party in 1966 in Oakland CA, influenced by writings of karl marx and Malcolm x, militant group that advocated armed resistance, violence

34
Q

amiri Baraka

A

black art movement’s leading writer and founder of the movement

35
Q

alice walker

A

won Pulitzer prize for “the color purple”; developed womanist theory

36
Q

“serving two masters”

A

writings of Derrick bell

37
Q

“up from slavery”

A

book by booker t Washington

38
Q

“souls of black folk”

A

writings of WEB dubois

39
Q

“the crisis”

A

official journal of naacp published by dubois

40
Q

Plessy vs ferguson

A

supreme court set the precedent that separate facilities for blacks and whites were not unconstitutional as long as they were equal

41
Q

McLaurin vs Oklahoma

A

supreme court agreed with the NAACP and ordered the univ of Oklahoma to end segregation

42
Q

sweatt vs painter

A

challenged separate but equal doctrine that was used to deny admission to a black law student at the unic of texas in 1950; separate law school would not be equal because of white school’s alumni, reputation and relevant intangibles

43
Q

brown vs Topeka board of education

A

struck down Plessy ruling; separate public education was unequal and violate the protections of the 14th amendment; called for the end of segregation

44
Q

morgan vs Virginia

A

supreme court struck down a Virginia law requiring racial segregation on commercial interstate buses

45
Q

what was the first black Baptist church and where was it located

A

First African Baptist church in augusta GA in 1809

46
Q

what was the name of the church founded by allen and jones

A

bethel African Methodist and episcopal church in PA 1794

47
Q

what was the role of religion and the church during slavery and the civil rights period

A

church leaders were activists, religion was a way for slaves to deal with the pains of slavery, churches attempted to met needs: political, social, freedom, equality of opportunity, social justice

48
Q

why was the church and religion important to blacks during the great migration

A

churches helped to stabilize and support displaced migrants in a chaotic environment

49
Q

how did the traditions of the black and white churches differ

A

blacks churches had a defined political orientation and objectives; worship style was different by black churches being linked to the African celebrations and rituals and more dramatic and intense

50
Q

what were the major principles of cone’s black liberation theology doctrine and why did he reject eschatological theology

A

make the gospel relevant to the life and struggles of American lacks, help black people learn to love themselves, teach how to be unapologetically black and Christian at the same time and eschatological theology is a white lie

51
Q

why were some black pastors reluctant to take advantage of the federal funding under president bush’s faith based initiative program

A

blurred the lines between separation of church and state, attempted to reduce the influence of civil rights organizations, attracted black pastors to the republican party

52
Q

what are the traditional denominations

A

African Methodist episcopal, African Methodist episcopal zion, Christian Methodist episcopal, church of God in Christ, national Baptist convention usa, national Baptist convention of America, national missionary Baptist convention, progressive national Baptist convention

53
Q

why has there been a decline in traditional religious denomination

A

decline in church attendance, choosing to attend non-denominational churches, growth of megachurches, religious pluralism-acceptance of the doctrines and beliefs of other groups

54
Q

why did most slave owners oppose education fro slaves

A

educated slaves could forge passes, teach other slaves and lead to revolts

55
Q

how did slaves learn to read and write in spite of having no formal system of education

A

from parents, spouses, family members and other slaves, some slave owners or hired tutors

56
Q

how did the supreme court case Plessy vs ferguson affect education for black students

A

disadvantages such as: facilities were inadequate, schools underfunded by local and state governments, ill equipped with tools to provide quality instruction for school children; schools were operated by black teachers, provided an environment where students could develop a positive self-concept

57
Q

how did the brown decision affect the education system? brown II?

A

brown declared that racially separate public education was unequal and brown II- called for the end to racial segregation

58
Q

what was the response by whites to integration

A

opposed it, destruction of their culture and intermarriage, violation of state’s rights; some schools closed

59
Q

what are social movements

A

collective social action by people with shared ideas and common purposes

60
Q

what are some of the goals of black social movements

A

protest social, political and economic injustices. resist racial discrimination, address economic exploitation, resist exclusion of AA from social and political processes

61
Q

what does it mean to say that black social movements are based on a deprivation doctrine and are reformative movements

A

there is a belief that members of a marginalized group were deprived of economic opportunities status and justice and they don’t have what they think they should have compared to someone else; reformative because movements attempt to change some specific aspects of society

62
Q

what was the Niagara movement? later became what prominent organization

A

developed during a period of self help to reaffirm personal dignity and hope for a better future; “pull yourself up by your bootstraps”, “be of service to the race”; became part of NAACP

63
Q

what was the disagreement between Washington and DuBois

A

providing proper education for the talented tenth man of colored colleges. classical liberal arts education vs industrial education

64
Q

NAACP

A

founded in 1909 by a group of black and white intellectuals in NY, founders: dubois, ida b wells, mary church Terrell, mary ovington, Oswald garrison, a total of 60 and only 7 AA; founded in response of the springfield race riot in 1908

65
Q

what was the harlem renaissance and how was it related to the great migration

A

a cultural, artistic and intellectual movement that inspired a new black cultural identity; AA from the south were going north and the movement took place in NYC

66
Q

what were the four major areas of the harlem renaissance

A

performing arts: music and performing arts; writers and poets; artists; intellectuals

67
Q

what was CORE and its major objective

A

congress on racial equality- interracial group of students at the univ of Chicago that organized to challenge segregation in northern cities

68
Q

what was the black power movement

A

collective, action oriented expression of racial pride strength and self identity that permeated all of afro-America during the late 1960s and early 70s

69
Q

what did black power psychologists mean by “psychological liberation” as a prerequisite for the black power movement

A

take pride in skin color and history, reject negative implications of what it means to be black, stopped being ashamed of being black but honor racial distinctions and heritage, redefine beauty and attractiveness

70
Q

what were some of the anticipated results of the black power movement

A

blacks would be liberated exercise true freedom of choice for the first time, racial solidarity would lead to a share in local and national decision making power, a corporate consciousness and sense of collective responsibility and cultural pride would replace despair; the black community would be able to employ its own, to govern itself and to protect its residents against external enemies

71
Q

what are factors that contributed to the decline of the black panther party

A

involvement in criminal activities, incarcerations and deaths of its leaders, FBI, raids by local police departments, internal disputes over political orientation, leadership problems

72
Q

what was the black arts movement

A

the ideology of black culture and black life; second black renaissance

73
Q

what was black feminism? why did it emerge?

A

organization that acknowledged racism in women’s movement and sexual discrimination in black power movements; emerged: marginalization of black women because of race and gender; the uncomfortable fit of black women into the national feminist/women’s lib movement; the sexism of black liberation movements

african american studies (4 decks)

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