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human diseases > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology is

A

the cause of disease

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2
Q

Pathogen is

A

a disease-causing bacterium or other harmful organism

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3
Q

pathogenesis is

A

manner in which a disease develops

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4
Q

virulence is

A

the ability of an organism to cause disease

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5
Q

prognosis

A

the probable outcome of a disease or a disorder, the outlook for recovery

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6
Q

isotonic is when

A

the fluid within cell and outside of cell are equal

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7
Q

hypertonic is when

A

the fluid outside of the cell is greater than within the cell

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8
Q

hypotonic is when

A

the fluid within the cell is greater than outside of cell

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9
Q

what is the average life expectancy for men and women?

A

men is 74.3

female is 79.7

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10
Q

Organic disease is

A

a structural disease wit lesions and abnormalities. Something is morphological let wrong

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11
Q

What is an organic brain disease

A

alzheimers

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12
Q

organic liver disease is

A

cirrhosis

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13
Q

functional disease is

A

change in mental disorders, depression, body function, diabetes

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14
Q

Primary aging consists of

A

normal aging process, decrease strength of muscle including heart, impaired hearing, slowed movements, decrease immune system

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15
Q

Secondary aging consists of

A

result of disease, disuse and or abuse.
Disease- chronic disease can contribute to decay and deteriorations
Disuse- muscle atrophy, stiffness or joints
Abuse- obesity, malnutrition, sun

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16
Q

What are the four types of tissue

A

Epithelium, Connective and Supporting Tissues, Muscle, Nerve

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17
Q

What are examples of Epithelium Tissue

A

cover exterior and lines interior body surfaces, forms some glands,

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18
Q

What are examples of Connective and Supporting Tissues

A

Cologne, Elastic, cartilage, bone, blood

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19
Q

What are examples of Muscle tissues

A

smooth-walls of hollow organs, GI tract, reproductive tract, blood vessels
Striated- moves skeleton under voluntary control
Cardiac- Muscle

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20
Q

What are examples of Nerve Tissue

A

neurons, neuroglia

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21
Q

What are the classifications of disease

A

Congenital and Hereditary, Inflammatory, degenerative, Metabolic, Neoplastic

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22
Q

What does congenital and hereditary mean

A

Congenital is present at birth (Fetal Alcohol)

Hereditary- downs, PKU hemophilia

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23
Q

What does inflammatory mean

A

lupus, body reacts to agent

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24
Q

What does metabolic mean in regards to disease

A

diabetes

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25
Q

What does neoplastic mean in regards to disease

A

abnormal cell growth, tumors and cancers

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26
Q

what are the major endocrine glands

A

Anterior and posterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, overrates and testes

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27
Q

What do blood cells originate from

A

stem cells

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28
Q

Where does cortisol come from

A

adrenal glands

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29
Q

What does Histamine do and when

A

Is a mediator response found in mast cells. It causes swelling and basal dilation.

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30
Q

what do mediators do, what and when

A

formed from complement, when released from any source it initiate the inflammatory response. phagocytic neutrophils and monocytes are attracted to site of inflammation by these

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31
Q

what are the three lobes of pituitary gland

A

Anterior- GH, TSH, ACTH, LH,
Posterior- ADH, Oxytocin
Intermediate- MSH

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32
Q

hyperthyroidism has what symptoms

A

increased body metabolic function, increased heart rate, hyperactivity, imitability, muscle tremors,

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33
Q

Hypothyroidism has what symptoms

A

slow metabolic processes, individual slow and lethargic, sluggish, slow

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34
Q

myxedema has what symptoms

A

swelling, slow metabolic system, increased tsh, decreased levels of thyroid hormone,

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35
Q

diabetes insipidus has what symptoms

A

its a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, inability to absorb water form collecting tables of kidneys,

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36
Q

osmosis is when

A

passage of solvent/ water thru a semipermeable membrane. lesser to greater solute concentration

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37
Q

Diffusion is

A

parcels (solute) spreads from a region high concentration to a lower one

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38
Q

passive diffusion is

A

direct movement thru barrier with no energy

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39
Q

active transport is

A

Requires energy

40
Q

HIV is

A

a virus that attacks Helper T cells, which causes too much suppressor T cells. They test for the antibodies. This is a parasite

41
Q

Exudate

A

scab, debris

42
Q

serous

A

serum

43
Q

purulent

A

pus

44
Q

fibrous

A

blood protein fibringen

45
Q

hemmoragic

A

blood

46
Q

mas cells

A

special cells found in connective tissues cytoplasm with histamine discharge when injured

47
Q

Infection

A

inflammatory process caused by tease producing organism

48
Q

allulitis

A

acute spread infection of skin and tissues

49
Q

abscess

A

Localized swelling

50
Q

septicemia

A

infection and bacteria gain aces to blood stream

51
Q

atrophy

A

reduction in size of structure because of decrease function

52
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of growth of organ

53
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase number of cells

54
Q

metaplasia

A

change from 1 type of cell into another

55
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal maturing of cells

56
Q

neoplasia

A

formation of a timer /cancer

57
Q

what are the seven agents of disease

A

Living parasite, Nutrients, Exogenous (outside body), endogenous (inside body), genetics, psychological, physical agent

58
Q

autoantibodies

A

an antibody formed agains ones own cells or tissues

59
Q

autoimmune diseases

A

tissue damage from our own immune system

60
Q

what is an ECG

A

electrocardiogram, identifies disturbances of the heart rate or rhythm.

61
Q

what is an EEG

A

electroencephalogram, measure the electrical activity of brain.

62
Q

what is an EMG

A

electromyogram, measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscle during contraction and rest.

63
Q

What is an ultrasound

A

echoes produced by high frequency sound waves transmitted into the body. does not require radiation

64
Q

CT scan

A

Used radiation

65
Q

MRI

A

shows tissue and organs, uses magnetic waves

66
Q

T or F

A person with a disease can still be considered healthy?

A

T

67
Q

T or F

A microorganism capable of causing a disease is called a vector

A

F

Pathogen

68
Q

T or F

Papanicolaou smere is done for the early treatment of cervical cancer

A

F

Done for early diagnosis

69
Q

T or F

Hematopoietic tissues from bone

A

F

Blood

70
Q

T or F

Th ability to generate an immunize response is under genetic control

A

T

71
Q

T or F

The immune system does not make antibodies against viruses

A

F

it does

72
Q

The phagocytic white blood cells that responds first in the immune response and processes an antigen, then delivers it to the lymphocytes is called a macrophage

A

T

73
Q

T or F

IF an IV drug user does not share his needles and syringes with other people there is no way for hime to contract HIV through injecting drugs?

A

T

74
Q

Kaposia Sarcoma is a rare connective tissue cancer that is most frequently seen in AIDS patients

A

T

75
Q

T or F

Erythropoitent is A hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases blood pressure

A

F

Red blood cells

76
Q

T or f

All adenoids of the anterior pituitary gland are prolactin secreting

A

False.

Secretes growth hormone

77
Q

What is cellulitis

A

General inflammation of the skin

78
Q

Antigen means

A

Foreign. The first cell that comes to help is a macrophage

79
Q

What cells produce antibodies

A

B lymphocytes

80
Q

What does the ribosome do for the cell?

A

Synthesize proteins. Located on rough ER

81
Q

What does the smooth ER DO?

A

Lipids

82
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Assembles carbs

83
Q

What does mitochondria do?

A

Creates energy

84
Q

What does lysosomes do?

A

Digestive enzymes that break things down

85
Q

Pancreas is apart of what systems

A

Exocrine and endocrine

86
Q

Exocrine has three secretions. What are they and what do they do.

A

Amalayse- breaks down carbs
Tripsin- proteins
Lipase- fats

87
Q

Pancreas has the secretions. What are they and what do they do

A

Glucagon- raises blood sugar
Insulin- beta cells that lower blood sugars
Gastrin- breaks down food

88
Q

What are the three types of T lymphocytes

A

Helper(turns immune system on)
Suppressor (shuts system down)
Killer( destroys materials)

89
Q

Who has the highest incidence of HIV, and who is increasing?

A

Incidence- homo/bi men

Increasing- women

90
Q

What are the three cells within the brain

A

Microglea- Eat all the crap, it’s found in brain
Astrocytes- keeps structure of the brain
Neurons

91
Q

What are the three factors that effects endocrine problems

A

Gender
Age
Growth hormone

92
Q

What is the master gland in the body

A

Interior pituitary gland

93
Q

When you have a non toxic goider it says when you do not have enough thyroid it causes

A

Cretinism

94
Q

Somatotropin is

A

Growth hormone

95
Q

What hormone that is secreted by the kidneys, that increase blood sugar is

A

Renin

96
Q

What hormone increases production of red blood cells

A

Rythopoetin

97
Q

Where does the flu originate

A

Pings in China

human diseases (3 decks)

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