test 1 Flashcards
Etiology is
the cause of disease
Pathogen is
a disease-causing bacterium or other harmful organism
pathogenesis is
manner in which a disease develops
virulence is
the ability of an organism to cause disease
prognosis
the probable outcome of a disease or a disorder, the outlook for recovery
isotonic is when
the fluid within cell and outside of cell are equal
hypertonic is when
the fluid outside of the cell is greater than within the cell
hypotonic is when
the fluid within the cell is greater than outside of cell
what is the average life expectancy for men and women?
men is 74.3
female is 79.7
Organic disease is
a structural disease wit lesions and abnormalities. Something is morphological let wrong
What is an organic brain disease
alzheimers
organic liver disease is
cirrhosis
functional disease is
change in mental disorders, depression, body function, diabetes
Primary aging consists of
normal aging process, decrease strength of muscle including heart, impaired hearing, slowed movements, decrease immune system
Secondary aging consists of
result of disease, disuse and or abuse.
Disease- chronic disease can contribute to decay and deteriorations
Disuse- muscle atrophy, stiffness or joints
Abuse- obesity, malnutrition, sun
What are the four types of tissue
Epithelium, Connective and Supporting Tissues, Muscle, Nerve
What are examples of Epithelium Tissue
cover exterior and lines interior body surfaces, forms some glands,
What are examples of Connective and Supporting Tissues
Cologne, Elastic, cartilage, bone, blood
What are examples of Muscle tissues
smooth-walls of hollow organs, GI tract, reproductive tract, blood vessels
Striated- moves skeleton under voluntary control
Cardiac- Muscle
What are examples of Nerve Tissue
neurons, neuroglia
What are the classifications of disease
Congenital and Hereditary, Inflammatory, degenerative, Metabolic, Neoplastic
What does congenital and hereditary mean
Congenital is present at birth (Fetal Alcohol)
Hereditary- downs, PKU hemophilia
What does inflammatory mean
lupus, body reacts to agent
What does metabolic mean in regards to disease
diabetes
What does neoplastic mean in regards to disease
abnormal cell growth, tumors and cancers
what are the major endocrine glands
Anterior and posterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, overrates and testes
What do blood cells originate from
stem cells
Where does cortisol come from
adrenal glands
What does Histamine do and when
Is a mediator response found in mast cells. It causes swelling and basal dilation.
what do mediators do, what and when
formed from complement, when released from any source it initiate the inflammatory response. phagocytic neutrophils and monocytes are attracted to site of inflammation by these
what are the three lobes of pituitary gland
Anterior- GH, TSH, ACTH, LH,
Posterior- ADH, Oxytocin
Intermediate- MSH
hyperthyroidism has what symptoms
increased body metabolic function, increased heart rate, hyperactivity, imitability, muscle tremors,
Hypothyroidism has what symptoms
slow metabolic processes, individual slow and lethargic, sluggish, slow
myxedema has what symptoms
swelling, slow metabolic system, increased tsh, decreased levels of thyroid hormone,
diabetes insipidus has what symptoms
its a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, inability to absorb water form collecting tables of kidneys,
osmosis is when
passage of solvent/ water thru a semipermeable membrane. lesser to greater solute concentration
Diffusion is
parcels (solute) spreads from a region high concentration to a lower one
passive diffusion is
direct movement thru barrier with no energy
active transport is
Requires energy
HIV is
a virus that attacks Helper T cells, which causes too much suppressor T cells. They test for the antibodies. This is a parasite
Exudate
scab, debris
serous
serum
purulent
pus
fibrous
blood protein fibringen
hemmoragic
blood
mas cells
special cells found in connective tissues cytoplasm with histamine discharge when injured
Infection
inflammatory process caused by tease producing organism
allulitis
acute spread infection of skin and tissues
abscess
Localized swelling
septicemia
infection and bacteria gain aces to blood stream
atrophy
reduction in size of structure because of decrease function
hypertrophy
enlargement of growth of organ
hyperplasia
increase number of cells
metaplasia
change from 1 type of cell into another
dysplasia
abnormal maturing of cells
neoplasia
formation of a timer /cancer
what are the seven agents of disease
Living parasite, Nutrients, Exogenous (outside body), endogenous (inside body), genetics, psychological, physical agent
autoantibodies
an antibody formed agains ones own cells or tissues
autoimmune diseases
tissue damage from our own immune system
what is an ECG
electrocardiogram, identifies disturbances of the heart rate or rhythm.
what is an EEG
electroencephalogram, measure the electrical activity of brain.
what is an EMG
electromyogram, measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscle during contraction and rest.
What is an ultrasound
echoes produced by high frequency sound waves transmitted into the body. does not require radiation
CT scan
Used radiation
MRI
shows tissue and organs, uses magnetic waves
T or F
A person with a disease can still be considered healthy?
T
T or F
A microorganism capable of causing a disease is called a vector
F
Pathogen
T or F
Papanicolaou smere is done for the early treatment of cervical cancer
F
Done for early diagnosis
T or F
Hematopoietic tissues from bone
F
Blood
T or F
Th ability to generate an immunize response is under genetic control
T
T or F
The immune system does not make antibodies against viruses
F
it does
The phagocytic white blood cells that responds first in the immune response and processes an antigen, then delivers it to the lymphocytes is called a macrophage
T
T or F
IF an IV drug user does not share his needles and syringes with other people there is no way for hime to contract HIV through injecting drugs?
T
Kaposia Sarcoma is a rare connective tissue cancer that is most frequently seen in AIDS patients
T
T or F
Erythropoitent is A hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases blood pressure
F
Red blood cells
T or f
All adenoids of the anterior pituitary gland are prolactin secreting
False.
Secretes growth hormone
What is cellulitis
General inflammation of the skin
Antigen means
Foreign. The first cell that comes to help is a macrophage
What cells produce antibodies
B lymphocytes
What does the ribosome do for the cell?
Synthesize proteins. Located on rough ER
What does the smooth ER DO?
Lipids
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Assembles carbs
What does mitochondria do?
Creates energy
What does lysosomes do?
Digestive enzymes that break things down
Pancreas is apart of what systems
Exocrine and endocrine
Exocrine has three secretions. What are they and what do they do.
Amalayse- breaks down carbs
Tripsin- proteins
Lipase- fats
Pancreas has the secretions. What are they and what do they do
Glucagon- raises blood sugar
Insulin- beta cells that lower blood sugars
Gastrin- breaks down food
What are the three types of T lymphocytes
Helper(turns immune system on)
Suppressor (shuts system down)
Killer( destroys materials)
Who has the highest incidence of HIV, and who is increasing?
Incidence- homo/bi men
Increasing- women
What are the three cells within the brain
Microglea- Eat all the crap, it’s found in brain
Astrocytes- keeps structure of the brain
Neurons
What are the three factors that effects endocrine problems
Gender
Age
Growth hormone
What is the master gland in the body
Interior pituitary gland
When you have a non toxic goider it says when you do not have enough thyroid it causes
Cretinism
Somatotropin is
Growth hormone
What hormone that is secreted by the kidneys, that increase blood sugar is
Renin
What hormone increases production of red blood cells
Rythopoetin
Where does the flu originate
Pings in China
