Test 1 Flashcards
Eukaryotic Cells
Subdivided into various membrane enclosed organelles
Prokaryotic Cells
Lack membrane-enclosed organelles
Reductionalism
sometimes reducing complex systems to simpler compounds makes them easier to study
Lifes 3 Domains
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Bacteria
most diverse and widespread prokaryotes
Archaea
prokaryotes, often live in Earth’s extreme environments
Eukarya
Protists Plantae Fungi Animalia
Protists
unicellular and simple mulitcellular relatives
Plantae
multicelluar, carry out photosynthesis
Fungi
defined by nutritional mode, absorb decomposing matter
Animalia
multicellular organisms that ingest other organisms
Elements that make up 96% of living matter
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
Isotope
Differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus (same number of protons)
Radioactive Isotope
Spontaneously give off particles and energy
Weak Chemical Bonds
WEAK CHEMICAL BONDS ARE INVALUABLE IN BIOLOGY -reinforce the shapes of large molecules -help molecules adhere to each other
At 37 Degrees C (human body temp) what happens to water molecules
about 15% are bonded to 4 partners bonds are short lived and re-establish constantly
4 emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s fitness for life
cohesion moderation of temperature expansion upon freezing versatility as a solvent
Floating ice
-ice is less dense than water -transition occurs at 4 C -10% less dense -acts as insulator-if ice sank to the bottom, all water on Earth would eventually freeze
Hydrogen Bonds in Ice
are more “ordered than in liquid water, making it less dense
Water and salts
-water easily dissolves salts -the different regions of polar water molecule interact w/ ionic compounds and dissolve them
Dissociation of H20
Water can dissociate into hydronium ions and hydroxide ions changes in the concentration of these ions can have a great affect on living organisms
Acid
increases the hydrogen concentration of a solution (H+)
Base
Reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution (by adding OH-)
Vitalism
-organic compounds only arise within living organisms -was disproved when chemists synthesized the compounds in lab
Carbon chains
Form the skeletons of most organic molecules vary in length and shape (length, branching, double bonds, rings)
Hydrocarbons
-molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen -fuels (gasoline etc) -are found in many of a cell’s organic molecules
Isomers
molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Three types of isomers
Structural Geometric Enantiomers
